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Erpeton tentaculatum LACÉPÈDE, 1800

IUCN Red List - Erpeton tentaculatum - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaHomalopsidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Tentacle Snake
G: Tentakelschlange, Fühlerschlange 
SynonymErpeton tentaculé LACÉPÈDE 1800: 169
Erpeton tentaculatus — SHAW & NODDER 1804: plate 624
Erpeton tentaculatum — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1854: 984
Herpeton tentaculatum — GÜNTHER 1861: 195
Herpeton tentaculatum — COPE 1862: 1
Herpeton tentaculatum — SMITH 1943: 401
Erpeton tentaculus — MURPHY & VORIS 1994 (in error)
Erpeton tentaculatus — MANTHEY & GROSSMANN 1997: 350
Erpeton tentaculatum — COX et al. 1998: 38
Erpeton tentaculum — MEHRTENS 1987: 220 (in error)
Erpeton tentaculatum — NGUYEN et al. 2009
Erpeton tentaculatum — MURPHY & VORIS 2014: 19
Erpeton tentaculatum — WALLACH et al. 2014: 284 
DistributionThailand, Cambodia, Vietnam

Type locality: unknown (fide MANTHEY & GROSSMANN 1997)  
Reproductionovoviviparous 
TypesHolotype: MNHN-RA 0022 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus): Prominent paired rostral appendages make this most easily recognized snake species on the planet.


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CommentHabitat: freshwater (this is a completely aquatic species)

Diet: mostly fish

Type species: Erpeton tentaculatus is the type species of the genus Erpeton LACÉPÈDE 1800. 
EtymologyMost likely named after the fleshy, tentacle-like structures on the head, from Latin tentaculum = feeler.

The genus was apparently named after Greek (h)erpo = crawl, creep, sneak, or (h)erpeton = crawling animal, vermin. 
References
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1896. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum, Vol. 3. London (Taylor & Francis), xiv + 727 pp. - get paper here
  • Catania KC 2010. Born Knowing: Tentacled Snakes Innately Predict Future Prey Behavior. PLoS One 5 (6): e10953. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010953 - get paper here
  • Catania, Kenneth C. 2009. Tentacled snakes turn C-starts to their advantage and predict future prey behavior. PNAS 2009 106:11183-1118 - get paper here
  • Chan-ard, T., Parr, J.W.K. & Nabhitabhata, J. 2015. A field guide to the reptiles of Thailand. Oxford University Press, NY, 352 pp. [see book reviews by Pauwels & Grismer 2015 and Hikida 2015 for corrections] - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1862. The dentition of the Siamese river snake, Herpeton tentaculatum. The native country of Gerarda prevostiana. On Rhabdosoma (Catostoma) lineatum. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 14: 1 - get paper here
  • Cox, Merel J.; Van Dijk, Peter Paul; Jarujin Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt,Kumthorn 1998. A Photographic Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. Ralph Curtis Publishing, 144 pp.
  • Das, I. 2012. A Naturalist's Guide to the Snakes of South-East Asia: Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Myanmar, Borneo, Sumatra, Java and Bali. Oxford J, ohn Beaufoy Publishing - get paper here
  • Duméril, A. M. C., Bibron, G. & DUMÉRIL, A. H. A., 1854. Erpétologie générale ou histoire naturelle complète des reptiles. Tome septième. Deuxième partie, comprenant l'histoire des serpents venimeux. Paris, Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret: i-xii + 781-1536 - get paper here
  • Fabre, Anne-Claire; David Bickford, Marion Segall and Anthony Herrel 2016. The impact of diet, habitat use, and behaviour on head shape evolution in homalopsid snakes. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, DOI: 10.1111/bij.12753 - get paper here
  • Günther, A. 1861. On the dentition of Herpeton tentaculatum. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 7: 195 - get paper here
  • Hahn, Donald E. 1973. Comments on Tentacle Structure and Function in Erpeton tentaculatum (Serpentes: Colubridae). Journal of Herpetology 7 (3): 304-306 - get paper here
  • Hanscom, R. J., Higham, T. E., Ryan, D., & Clark, R. W. 2023. Ambush hunting in snakes: behaviour, function, and diversity. In: D. Penning (ed.), Snakes: morphology, function, and ecology. Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publishers - get paper here
  • Holbrook, J.D. & Krysko, K.L. 2011. The Tentacled Snake, Erpeton tentaculatum Lacépède 1800 (Holllalopsidae), in Florida. lRCF REPTIlLES & AMPHlBlANS 18 (1):52
  • Karns, D.R.; Murphy, J.C.; Voris, H.K. & Suddeth, J.S. 2005. Comparison of Semi-aquatic Snake Communities Associated with the Khorat Basin, Thailand. The Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University 5(2): 73-90 - get paper here
  • Kunz,K. & Kirchhauser, H. 2002. Fühlerschlange im Vivarium Karlsruhe. Herpetofauna 24 (136): 34 - get paper here
  • Lacépède, B. G. H. 1800. Sur un nouveau genre de serpent. Bull. Sc. Soc. Phil. Paris, 2 (46): 169
  • Lillywhite, Harvey B. 2014. How Snakes Work: Structure, Function and Behavior of the World's Snakes. Oxford University Press, New York, 256 pp
  • MACK, ZOE E.; DONAL M. BOYER, SUSAN CARDILLO & KENNETH J. CONLEY. 2021. A review of mortality in tentacled snakes (Erpeton tentaculatum) in a multi-institution zoological collection between 1966 and 2017. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 52(3): 909–917. - get paper here
  • Manthey, U. & Grossmann, W. 1997. Amphibien & Reptilien Südostasiens. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 512 pp. (ISBN 3-931587-12-6) - get paper here
  • Mehrtens, J.M. 1987. Living snakes of the world in color. Sterling Publ. Co., hic., New York, NY: 480 pp.
  • Murphy, J.C. & Voris, H.K. 1994. A key to Homalopsine snakes. The Snake 26 (2): 123-133
  • Murphy, J.C. & Voris, H.K. 2014. A Checklist and Key to the Homalopsid Snakes (Reptilia, Squamata, Serpentes), with the Description of New Genera. FIELDIANA: LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES (8): 1–43 - get paper here
  • Murphy, John C. 2007. Homalopsid Snakes: Evolution in the Mud. Krieger Publishing, Malabar, Florida, 249 pp.
  • Nguyen, S.V., Ho, C.T. and Nguyen, T.Q. 2009. Herpetofauna of Vietnam. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 768 pp.
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • Pauwels, O.S.G.; David, P.; Chimsunchart, C. & Thirakhupt, K. 2003. Reptiles of Phetchaburi Province, Western Thailand: a list of species, with natural history notes, and a discussion on the biogeography at the Isthmus of Kra. Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University 3 (1): 23-53 - get paper here
  • PAYNE, IMOGEN L.; ANDREW F. RICH, JAVIER LOPEZ, GERARDO GARCÍA & JULIAN CHANTREY. 2021. Coelomic steatitis in tentacled snakes (Erpeton tentaculatum). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 52(3): 1061–1073. - get paper here
  • Saint Girons, Hubert 1972. Notes sur l'Ecologie des Serpents du Cambodge. Zoologische Mededelingen 47: 65-87 - get paper here
  • Shaw, George, Nodder, Elizabeth (Eds.) 1804. The Naturalist's Miscellany [...], Vol. XV. London, Nodder & Co., plates 589-636, 177 unnumbered pages [published in monthly issues between August 1, 1803, and July 1, 1804] - get paper here
  • Smith, M.A. 1914. On the breeding habits of Hypsirhina enhydris and Herpeton tentaculatum (the Tentacle Snake). J. nat. Hist. Soc. Siam 1: 126-7. - get paper here
  • Smith, M.A. 1943. The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. 3 (Serpentes). Taylor and Francis, London. 583 pp.
  • Taylor,E.H. 1965. The serpents of Thailand and adjacent waters. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 45 (9): 609-1096 - get paper here
  • Voris, H.K. 2006. Assessment of Biodiversity among Southeast Asian Amphibians and Reptiles. The Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University 6(1): 1-10 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Winokur, R.M. 1977. The Integumentary Tentacles of the Snake Erpeton tentaculatum: Structure, Function, Evolution Herpetologica 33 (2): 247-253. - get paper here
  • Ziegler, T., RAUHAUS, A., NGUYEN, T.Q. & NGUYEN, K.V. 2015. Südlichster Nachweis von Gekko badenii SZCZERBAK & NEKRASOVA, 1994, mit Bemerkungen zur Herpetofauna der Hon-Me-Auffangstation in der Provinz Kien Giang, Südvietnam. Sauria 37 (2): 3 - 14 - get paper here
 
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