Erythrolamprus darwinnunezi TORRES-CARVAJAL, HINOJOSA & PAUCAR, 2024
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Erythrolamprus darwinnunezi
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| Higher Taxa | Colubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes) |
| Subspecies | |
| Common Names | |
| Synonym | Erythrolamprus darwinnunezi TORRES-CARVAJAL, HINOJOSA & PAUCAR 2024 Liophis epinephelus lamonae — DIXON 1983 (in part) Erythrolamprus epinephelus — TORRES-CARVAJAL et al., 2019 (in part) Erythrolamprus sp. — ENTIAUSPE-NETO et al., 2021 Erythrolamprus sp. — TORRES-CARVAJAL & HINOJOSA 2020 |
| Distribution | Ecuador (Pastaza) Type locality: Llanganates National Park, near boundary with Asociación de la Nacionalidad Kichwa Agroecológica Kushillu Urku Community Reserve (1.270°S, 78.056°W, 2,037 m), Pastaza Province, Ecuador |
| Reproduction | |
| Types | Holotype: QCAZ 9972, adult female (Fig. 1), collected on 19 October 2009 at 1215 h by S. Aldás. Paratypes (8). In Pastaza Province, Ecuador: (1) juvenile male, QCAZ 9962, collected on 15 October 2009 by E. Tapia at Llanganates National Park, near boundary with Asociación de la Nacionalidad Kichwa Agroecológica Kushillu Urku Community Reserve (1.280°S, 78.072°W, 2,000 m); (2) juvenile female, QCAZ 9973, collected on 19 October 2009 by A. Alvarado at type locality. In Tungurahua Province, Ecuador: (3) juvenile male, QCAZ 10001, collected on 20 November 2009 by S. Aldás at Caserío Poatug (1.273°S, 78.491°W, 2,547 m); (4–6) three adult males, EPN 9111, 9112, and 9113, collected by L. Albuja and J. Urgilés in Ambato (1.233°S, 78.617°W, 2,547 m); (7, 8) two juvenile males, QCAZ 18244 and 18245, collected on 23 November 2022 by D. Núñez at Baquerizo Moreno, 7 km SE of Píllaro (1.228°S, 78.499°W, 2,674 m). |
| Diagnosis | Diagnosis. E. darwinnunezi sp. nov. differs from all other known congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) dorsal scales in 17–17–15 rows; (2) eight supralabials, with fourth and fifth contacting orbit; (3) 8–10 infralabials, with anterior five or six contacting chinshields; (4) one preocular; (5) two postoculars; (6) 1 + 2 temporals; (7) one or two preventrals; (8) 143–154 ventrals in males, 138–159 in females; (9) 55–66 divided subcaudals in males, 56–66 in females; (10) two pairs of black longitudinal stripes from about midbody to tip of tail, and the ventrolateral stripe is wider, extending over dorsal scale rows II and III, and the dorsal stripe forms a thin line between dorsal rows VI and VII; and (11) yellowish venter, with scattered dark, hill-shaped marks, with the hill base on the proximal border of the ventral scale, except on the tail. E. darwinnunezi sp. nov. is most similar in morphology and coloration to species previously assigned as subspecies of E. epinephelus (Dixon, 1983). Of these, E. albiventris, E. lamonae, E. fraseri, and E. bimaculatus have been recorded in Ecuador, as E. epinephelus sensu stricto was recently restricted to Central America and northwestern Colombia (Torres-Carvajal & Hinojosa, 2020). Both E. albiventris and E. epinephelus differ from E. darwinnunezi sp. nov. in having an immaculate venter (Dixon, 1983, 1989). The number of ventrals is higher in E. bimaculatus (162–191, mean = 174.9 ± 1.0 SE: Dixon, 1983) than in E. darwinnunezi sp. nov. (138–159, mean = 149.1 ± 2.43 SE). From E. lamonae and E. fraseri, E. darwinnunezi sp. nov. can be readily distinguished by having (1) a venter with fewer and smaller dark marks that are hill-shaped instead of rectangular (Figs. 1, 2); and (2) a different pattern of dorsolateral dark stripes (Fig. 3). All three species have a pair of stripes on each side of the posterior half of the body and tail, the ventral stripes being wider than dorsal. The ventrolateral stripe usually extends over dorsal scale rows II and III in E. darwinnunezi sp. nov., row III in E. fraseri (ventral margin of IV and dorsal margin of II in some specimens), and rows II (dorsal margin), III, and IV in E. lamonae, which has the widest ventral stripes of all three species. Unlike E. darwinnunezi sp. nov. and E. fraseri, E. lamonae bears cream or white spots along the dorsal and ventral margins of the ventral longitudinal stripe. In addition, E. fraseri generally has more ventrals (143–164, mean = 153.8 ± 1.3 SE) and subcaudals (51–75, mean = 66.6 ± 0.8 SE) than both E. lamonae (ventrals: 141–157, mean 149.7 ± 0.7 SE; subcaudals: 51–67, mean 59.2 ± 0.7) and E. darwinnunezi sp. nov. (ventrals: 138–159, mean = 149.1 ± 2.43 SE; subcaudals: 55–66, mean 60.89 ± 1.57 SE). Compared to E. darwinnunezi sp. nov., hemipenis of E. fraseri bears lobes that are more parallel than divergent, and the spines are smaller and more abundant (especially on the asulcal side), and sulcus spermaticus bifurcates more basally; whereas in E. lamonae, the hemipenis bears spines that are smaller and less abundant (especially on lobes), the spines are not longitudinally arranged on the asulcal side, and the sulcus spermaticus is narrower (Fig. 4). Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data and genetic distances also distinguish E. darwinnunezi sp. nov. from its congeners (see Phylogenetic Relationships section below). (Torres-Carvajal et al. 2024) |
| Comment | Synonymy: after TORRES-CARVAJAL et al. 2024. Distribution: for a map see Torres-Darvajal et al. 2024: 7 (Fig. 6) |
| Etymology | Named after Darwin Núñez, Ecuadorian herpetologist, in recognition for his extensive field collections that have contributed to science and conservation of the herpetofauna of Ecuador. |
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