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Erythrolamprus bizona JAN, 1863

IUCN Red List - Erythrolamprus bizona - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: False Coral Snake 
SynonymErythrolamprus aesculapii var bizona JAN 1863: 314
Erythrolamprus bizona — DUNN & BAILEY 1939: 12
Erythrolamprus bizonus — SLEVIN 1942: 477
Erythrolamprus aesculapii bizona — MERTENS 1956: 546
Erythrolamprus bizona — MERTENS 1956: 559
Erythrolamprus bizonus — KORNACKER 1999: 86
Erythrolamprus bizona — BOOS 2001
Erythrolamprus bizonus — SAVAGE 2002
Erythrolamprus bizona — RIVAS et al. 2012
Erythrolamprus bizona — GRAZZIOTIN et al. 2012
Erythrolamprus bizonus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 281
Erythrolamprus bizona — CURLIS et al. 2020 
DistributionCosta Rica, Panama,
N Venezuela (Cojedes, Falcón, Carabobo), Trinidad, Colombia (Caldas, Antioquia, Cundinamarca, Cauca, Meta, Quindío, Boyacá)

Type locality: Colombia; Lectotype locality: Popayan, Cauca Department, Colombia.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesLectotype: MSNM 2871 (Milano), An adult male, designated by Curcio et al. 2015. Syntypes: MHNG 464.30, MSNM and NMW. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Erythrolamprus bizona is distinguishable from all congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) black nuchal collar usually double (when single dorsally, clearly divided in lateral view rendering a semidivided condition); (2) anterior margin of black nuchal collar positioned between posterior tips of parietals and 1.5 dorsals posteriorly from it; (3) outer margins of parietals and primary temporals always distinctly bordered by black; (4) anteromedial area of parietals deeply invaded by black pigment from black head cap; (5) body and tail patterns always composed of tricolor dyads; and (6) subcaudal counts moderate to high, 37–59 in females (often more than 48) and 40–61 in males (often more than 54) [Curcio et al. 2015: 48]. 
CommentSimilar species: Lampropeltis micropholis

Mildly venomous. A case of bite by this species was reported by Angarita-Corzo t al. 2023.

Mimicry: E. bizona is a coral snake mimic.

The photo of Erythrolamprus bizonus in Villa et al. 1988 is actually a mis-identification (fide Scott 1989, Copeia 1989: 802).

Distribution: see map in Curcio et al. 2015: 49 (Fig. 10). Known on Trinidad from only a single specimen (Murphy et al. 2019). Not in Nicaragua fide Sunyer & Martínez-Fonseca 2023 (checklist Nicaragua).

Habitat: forest 
EtymologyNamed after Latin bi-, two and Latin zona, woman's girdle, (tunic) belt. [“...ora gli anelli neri sono tutti separati e disposti a due a due anche sul collo (bizona)...”]. (from Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., May 2024) 
References
  • Angarita-Corzo, K., García-Peluffo, J. D., & Franco-Gutiérrez, M. 2023. Case report of human envenomation by a False Coralsnake, Erythrolamprus bizona Jan, 1863. Herpetology Notes, 16, 627-631
  • Boos, H.E.A. 2001. The snakes of Trinidad and Tobago. Texas A&M University Press, 270 pp.
  • Carvajal-Cogollo, J.E.; L.E. Rojas-Murcia. & G. Cárdenas-Arévalo 2020. Reptiles del Caribe colombiano/ Reptiles of the Colombian Caribbean. Tunja: Editorial UPTC, 268 pp. - get paper here
  • Castro-Herrera, F. & Vargas-Salinas, F. 2008. Anfibios y reptiles en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Biota Colombiana 9 (2): 251 - 277 - get paper here
  • Castro-Herrera, F.; Bolívar-García, W. & Herrera-Montes, M.I. 2007. Guía de los Anfibios y Reptiles des Bosque de Yotoco, Valle deel Cauca, Colombia. Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia, 70 pp. - get paper here
  • Curcio, Felipe Franco; Stefano Scali, and Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues 2015. Taxonomic Status of Erythrolamprus bizona Jan (1863) (Serpentes, Xenodontinae): Assembling a Puzzle with Many Missing Pieces. Herpetological Monographs 29 (1): 40-64 - get paper here
  • Curlis JD, Fisher EC, Muhic WK, Moy J, Garro-Cruz M, Montero-Ramírez JJ 2020. A survey of the reptiles and amphibians at the University of Georgia Costa Rica field station in San Luis de Monteverde, Costa Rica. Check List 16(6): 1433-1456 - get paper here
  • DUGAN, ERIC A. & GINNI CALLAHAN. 2022. ERYTHROLAMPRUS BIZONA. MAXIMUM LENGTH. Herpetological Review 53 (3): 508–509.
  • Dunn, Emmett R. & Bailey, Joseph R. 1939. Snakes from the uplands of the Canal Zone and of Darien. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 86 (1): 1-22 - get paper here
  • Grazziotin, Felipe G.; Hussam Zaher, Robert W. Murphy, Gustavo Scrocchi, Marco A. Benavides, Ya-Ping Zhang and Sandro L. Bonatto 2012. Molecular phylogeny of the New World Dipsadidae (Serpentes: Colubroidea): a reappraisal. Cladistics DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2012.00393.x - get paper here
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  • Mertens, R. 1956. Das Problem der Mimikry bei Korallenschlangen. English Translation by Andrew Durso. SMITHSONIAN HERPETOLOGICAL INFORMATION SERVICE 160 (2023) - get paper here
  • Mertens, R. 1956. Das Problem der Mimikry bei Korallenschlangen. Zool. Jahrb., Abt Syst. Ökol. Geogr. Tiere 84: 541-576 + plates 6-14
  • Muñoz-Saba, Yaneth; Nathaly Calvo-Roa, Paul Andrés Gómez-Sandoval, Diego Casallas-Pabón John Douglas Lynch, Lucas S. Barrientos, Diego A. Gómez-Sánchez. 2019. Guía de campo de los mamíferos, anfibios y reptiles de Santa María (Boyacá, Colombia). Serie Guías de Campo del Instituto de Ciencias Naturales. N° 23. Bogotá D.C. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá. 317 p - get paper here
  • Murphy JC, Braswell AL, Charles SP, Auguste RJ, Rivas GA, Borzée A, Lehtinen RM, Jowers MJ 2019. A new species of Erythrolamprus from the oceanic island of Tobago (Squamata, Dipsadidae). ZooKeys 817: 131-157 - get paper here
  • Natera-Mumaw, Marco; Luis Felipe Esqueda-González & Manuel Castelaín-Fernández 2015. Atlas Serpientes de Venezuela. Santiago de Chile, Dimacofi Negocios Avanzados S.A., 456 pp. - get paper here
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  • Palacio-Baena, Jaime Alberto; Eliana María Muñoz Escobar; Sandra Milena Gallo Delgado; Mauricio Rivera Correa 2006. ANFIBIOS Y REPTILES DEL VALLE DE ABURRÁ Editorial Zuluaga, 92 pp. - get paper here
  • Pérez-Santos,C. & Moreno, A.G. 1988. Ofidios de Colombia. Museo reegionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, Monographie VI, 517 pp.
  • Ramírez-Fernández, José D. 2016. Predation of Stenorrhina freminvillei (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) by Erythrolamprus bizona Jan, 1863. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3(4): 1022–1024 - get paper here
  • Ray, Julie M. and Patty Ruback 2015. Updated checklists of snakes for the provinces of Panamá and Panamá Oeste, Republic of Panama. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (2): 168-188 - get paper here
  • Rincón-Aranguri, M., Toro-Cardona, F. A., Galeano, S. P., Roa-Fuentes, L.. & Urbina-Cardona, N. 2023. Functional diversity of snakes is explained by the landscape composition at multiple areas of influence. Ecology and Evolution, 13, e10352 - get paper here
  • RINCÓN-ARANGURI, MONICA T. 2021. ERYTHROLAMPRUS BIZONA (False Coral Snake). DIET. Herpetological Review 52 (3): 664–665. - get paper here
  • Rivas Fuenmayor, Gilson and Cesar Luis Barrio Amorós 2005. New Amphibian and Reptile records from Cojedes State, Venezuela. Herpetological Review 36 (2):205-209. - get paper here
  • RIVAS, GILSON A.; CÉSAR R. MOLINA, GABRIEL N. UGUETO, TITO R. BARROS, CÉSAR L. BAR- RIO-AMORÓS & PHILIPPE J. R. KOK 2012. Reptiles of Venezuela: an updated and commented checklist. Zootaxa 3211: 1–64 - get paper here
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