Eumeces schneiderii (DAUDIN, 1802)

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Higher Taxa	Scincidae, Scincinae, Scincoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies	Eumeces schneiderii barani KUMLUTAS, ARIKAN, ILGAZ & KASKA 2007 Eumeces schneiderii pavimentatus (GEOFFROY DE ST. HILAIRE 1827) Eumeces schneiderii princeps (EICHWALD 1839) Eumeces schneiderii schneiderii (DAUDIN 1802) Eumeces schneiderii zarudnyi (NIKOLSKY 1900)
Common Names	E: Schneider's Skink, Gold Skink G: Berberskink, Tüpfelskink (see note) Russian: Длинноногий сцинк
Synonym	Scincus Schneiderii DAUDIN 1802: 291 Eumeces pavimentatus GEOFFROY DE ST. HILAIRE 1827: 138 (fide SMITH 1935) Plestiodon Aldrovandi DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1839: 701 Plestiodon Aldrovandi — DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 305 Plestiodon Aldrovandi — FISCHER 1888: 115 Eumeces schneideri — BOULENGER 1890: 219 Eumeces schneideri — TAYLOR 1935 Eumeces schneideri — SMITH 1935: 341 Eumeces schneideri — ENGELMANN et al 1993 Gongylus androvandii [sic] — FRANK & RAMUS 1995: 187 Eumeces schneideri — SCHLEICH, KÄSTLE & KABISCH 1996: 351 Eumeces schneideri — ANDERSON 1999 Novoeumeces schneideri — GRIFFITH, NGO & MURPHY 2000 Eumeces schneideri — BONETTI 2002: 157 Eumeces schneideri — SCHMITZ et al. 2004 Novoeumeces schneideri — VYAS 2007 Eumeces schneideri aldrovandii — CARRANZA et al. 2008 (see note) Novoeumeces schneideri — VENUGOPAL 2010 Eumeces schneideri — FAIZI et al. 2017 Eumeces schneiderii schneiderii — BAUER et al. 2017: 232 Eumeces schneiderii aldrovandii — BAUER et al. 2017: 232 Eumeces schneiderii — BAR et al. 2021 Eumeces schneiderii barani KUMLUTAS, ARIKAN, ILGAZ & KASKA 2007 Eumeces schneiderii barani — AYAZ et al. 2011 Eumeces schneiderii pavimentatus (GEOFFROY DE ST. HILAIRE 1827) Scincus pavimentatus GEOFFROY DE ST. HILAIRE 1827: 128 Eumeces pavimentatus var. syriaca BOETTGER 1883 Eumeces schneideri pavimentatus — TAYLOR 1932 Eumeces schneideri pavimentatus — DAREVSKY 1981: 360 Eumeces schneideri pavimentatus — ESTERBAUER 1985 Novoeumeces pavimentatus — GRIFFITH, NGO & MURPHY 2000 Eumeces schneideri pavimentatus — SCHMITZ et al. 2004 Eumeces pavimentatus — MASROOR 2009 Eumeces schneiderii princeps (EICHWALD 1839) Scincus schneideri DAUDIN 1802 Euprepis princeps EICHWALD 1839: 303 Eumeces schneideri BOULENGER 1887 Eumeces schneiderii princeps MERTENS 1920 Eumeces schneiderii princeps — SCHMIDT 1939 Eumeces schneiderii variegatus SCHMIDT 1939 (fide ANDERSON 1999) Eumeces schneideri princeps — DAREVSKY 1981: 360 Eumeces schneideri princeps — FRYNTA et al. 1997 Novoeumeces princeps — GRIFFITH, NGO & MURPHY 2000 Eumeces schneideri princeps — ROITBERG et al. 2000 Eumeces schneideri princeps — SCHMITZ et al. 2004 Eumeces princeps — MASROOR 2009 Eumeces schneideri princeps — DAVLETBAKOV et al. 2016
Distribution	E Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Sinai, Israel, Cyprus, Turkey, W Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Iran (Kavir desert), Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Transcaucasia, Russia (Dagestan), Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, E Republic of Georgia, S Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, NW India barani: Turkey (Anatolia) pavimentatus: Syria, Lebanon, Jordan princeps: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Caucasus, Iran zarudnyi: SE Iranian Plateau in Kerman, Baluchistan and Sistan Provinces, Iran; Helmand Basin and southern desert regions of Afganistan; Baluchistan and Mekran Coast of Pakistan. Type locality: Bazman, Iran (restricted by Taylor , 1935). Type locality: “dans les parties les plus chaudes de l’Amérique, sour-tout à la Jamaïque” [in error]
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Holotype: lost, not located at MNHN (I. Ineich, March 2019); probably lost (fide Anderson 1999, cited in Baha El Din 2006), but listed as MNHN 2961 (2851) by Brygoo 1985. Holotype: ZDEU 163/2002. female, 25.05.2002, leg. Y. Kumluta , Y. Kaska, Ç. Ilgaz. [barani] Holotype: MNHN-RA 2961 [pavimentatus] Lectotype: ZISP 9339, (designated by Taylor “1935” 1936), “Urbs Bazman in Kirmano orient.” [Bazman, Baluchistan-Sistan Province, Iran]. Leg.: N.A. Zarudny, 3.VIII.1898. Paralectotypes: ZISP 9340 (one specimen), “Labe-Ab in Seistano” [Lab-e Bareng, Baluchistan-Sistan Province, Iran]. Leg.: N.A. Zarudny, 2.V.1898.—ZISP 9341 (one specimen), “Schur-Ab in Kirmano orient.” [Shurab, Beluchistan-Sistan Province, Iran]. Leg.: N.A. Zarudny, 11.VIII.1898 [zarudnyi]
Diagnosis	Diagnosis (genus). 26 – 34 presacral vertebrae. Limbs relatively slender, lamellae not expanded. Head somewhat depressed in lateral view. Skull with unindented parietal bones and near-complete or full closure of supratemporal fontanelle. Conspicuous sexual dimorphism (except in E. egregius, E. longirostris); males with proportionally larger, broader heads, due to expansion of quadrate bones and adductor mandibularis muscles. Scales of head smooth and shiny, not separated by deep sutures. Two loreals, followed by two presuboculars. Postnasal present or absent. Palpebral and superciliary scales not separated by groove. One to two pairs of nuchal scales. Mid-dorsal scales not broadened, not fused. Lateral preanal scales overlie medial preanal scales (convergent with some sphenomorphine lygosomines). Ear lobules inconspicuous. Juveniles dark, usually strongly striped, tails brilliantly colored, adults show reduction or loss of striping and tail coloration. From temperate North America south to northern Central America, Bermuda, and eastern Asia (Griffith et al. 2000). Diagnosis. “Größter, bis 419 mm GL erreichender, europäischer Skink, der sich von dem in Asien teilweise sympatrischen E. taeniolatus durch den Besitz zweier querverbreiterter vertebraler Schuppenreihen (anstatt nur einer sehr viel stärker verbreiterten Schuppenreihe) unterscheidet. Dasselbe Merkmal ist auch gegenüber allen Arten der übrigen europäischen Scincidengattungen diagnostisch. Daneben ist er gegenüber letzteren charakterisiert durch bedeutende Körpergröße (innerhalb der Gattung nur noch von dem nahe verwandten nordwestafrikanischen E. algeriensis mit einer maximalen GL bis zu 470 mm übertroffen: Hediger 1935), durch die relativ am kräftigsten entwickelten, pentadaktylen Gliedmaßen sowie schließlich durch die komplette Pileusbeschilderung, die gut differenzierte Präfrontalia, Supraocularia, Frontoparietalia und ein Interparietale aufweist. Schädeloberseite stark mit Osteodermen inkrustiert. 7 Prämaxillarzähne; Pterygoidzähne vorhanden. Palatina an der Gaumenmittellinie getrennt, Pterygoidea weit divergierend (vergleichende Schädeluntersuchungen ver schiedener Eumeces-Arten bei Kingman 1932).” (Darevsky 1981: 355). Detailed description: Darevsky 1981: 355 Diagnosis (pavimentatus): “22-26 Schuppenreihen um die Körpermitte; Longitu dinale weiße Punktreihen persistieren öfter im Adultkleid, sie reichen von der Nackenregion bis auf die Schwanzoberseite; verbreitet in SO-Anatolien, Syrien und Israel (vgl. Eiselt 1940).” (Darevsky 1981: 360). Diagnosis (zarudnyi): “Von E. s. princeps durch eine im Leben rötliche Schwanzfärbung und durch eine höhere Zahl von Aurikularschuppen zu unterscheiden (5-6 gegenüber 3-4 bei princeps). Verbreitet im südlichen Iran und in SW-Pakistan (vgl. Mertens 1959, 1969, Cernow 1959).” (Darevsky 1981: 360). Comparisons. N. s. barani “is differentiated from other two subspecies in Anatolia (E. s. princeps and E. s. pavimentatus) by its characteristic colour and colour-pattern as well as by the scales along the dorsal midline” (KUMLUTAS et al. 2007).
Comment	Subspecies after SCHLEICH, KÄSTLE & KABISCH 1996 who treat N. s. meridionalis as separate species but point out its unclear status. N. schneideri blythianus is treated here as full species. Novoeumeces algeriensis has been considered as a subspecies of N. schneideri. Carranza et al. (2008) do not mention Eumeces schneideri aldrovandii in their paper but have submitted DNA sequence data for this taxon (GenBank: EU278237.1). Bauer et al. 2017 listed Eumeces schneiderii aldrovandii as subspecies but commented that its status remains unclear due to the lack of molecular data. Eumeces s. princeps appears to be paraphyletic in Faizi et al. 2021. Distribution: Plestiodon Aldrovandi occurs in Egypt and Algeria (fide DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854) and China (fide DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1839: 705). See map in SMID et al. 2014 for distribution in Iran. No confirmed records from Gujarat fide Patel & Vyas 2019. See Bar et al. 2021 for a map. Type Species: Scincus pavimentatus GEOFFROY DE ST. HILAIRE 1827 is the type species of the genus Eumeces WIEGMANN 1834: 36. GRIFFITH et al. (2000) designated Scincus pavimentatus GEOFFROY DE ST. HILAIRE 1827 as the type species of the genus Novoeumeces. Note that Novoeumeces GRIFFITH, NGO & MURPHY 2000 was incorrectly named, since according to the ICZN rules, if a genus is split, then the group containing the type species must retain the original name. Note that Duméril & Bibron (1839) listed punctatus as the type species of Eumeces. Scincus punctatus Schneider = Lacerta punctata Linnaeus, now in the genus Riopa (Riopa punctata, from India). Fitzinger (1843) listed rufescens as the type species of Eumeces, currently considered to be a species of Eugongylus (partly based on Glenn Shea, pers. comm. 4 June 2021). Common name: A note on the German common name (contributed by Andreas Helmdag, pers. comm.): “Der Berberskink war die seinerzeit (historische Terraristik) bekanntere Unterart/Form aus dem E. schneideri/pavimentatus Komplex. Der Trivialname bezog sich auf das Herkunftsgebiet, das ja Barbary (Franz. Nordafrika) genannt wurde. Der Tüpfelskink war ja als solches nicht bekannt. In der Jetztzeit ist der Tierhandel bildungsmässig nicht in der Lage beide Arten zu unterscheiden (optische Ähnlichkeit der Färbung). So wird der Trivialname "missbraucht". Bei Nachfrage wird oft bereitwillig mitgeteilt, das die importierten "Berberskinke" aus Ägypten stammen ... und folglich den Trivialnamen Tüpfelskink tragen müssten.” NCBI taxonID: 2059310 [barani] NCBI taxonID: 2059309 [zarudnyi] NCBI taxonID: 500827 [pavimentatus] NCBI taxonID: 500828 [princeps] NCBI taxonID: 500826 [aldrovandii]
Etymology	Named after Johann Gottlob Schneider (1750-1822), German zoologist. Note that Scincus Schneiderii is the only “schneiderii” species spelled with two “i” but as original spelling is correct. See Bauer & Lavilla 2022 for biographical notes on Schneider. The generic name is from Greek eumeces = elongated, or “of good length”. Also, Greek “eumekes” = trim and tall (fide SCHLEICH et al. 1996: 348, Taylor 1936: 30).
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External links	National Center for Biotechnology Information http://www.reptilesworld.homestead.com/Pictures.html http://saturn.spaceports.com/~leguan/b_skinke.htm http://www.seh-herpetology.org/images/atlas/pdf/squamata/eumsch.pdf Google images

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