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Fowlea punctulata (GÜNTHER, 1858)

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Natricinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymTropidonotus punctulatus GÜNTHER 1858: 247
Tropidonotus punctulatus — THEOBALD 1868: 48
Fowlea peguensis THEOBALD 1868 (fide SMITH 1943)
Tropidonotus punctulatus — BOULENGER 1893: 228
Nerodia punctulata WALL 1923 (fide SMITH 1943)
Natrix punctulata — SMITH 1943: 292
Xenochrophis punctulatus — DAS 1996: 60
Xenochrophis punctulatus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 799
Fowlea punctulatus — PURKAYASTHA et al. 2019
Fowlea punctulata — AMARASINGHE et al. 2022 
DistributionMyanmar (= Burma), Thailand (Mae Hong Son Province)

Type locality: unknown  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesType: BMNH 1946.1.13.59 (and possibly additional specimens). 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus): Malnate (1960) stated that the members of this genus have hemipenes and sulcus spermaticus divided; maxillary teeth fewer than 30, in continuous series, the teeth becoming larger posteriorly; internasals narrowed anteriorly, nostrils dorso-laterally; apical pits absent or obscure pits present on neck only (cited in Purkayashta et al. 2019 who do not provide an updated diagnosis). 
CommentDistribution: Reports from India are based on unvoucered specimens. Not in India fide I. Das (pers. comm., 25 July 2012).

Synonymy: Boulenger 1893, Smith 1943.

Type species: Tropidonotus punctulatus GÜNTHER 1858: 247 is the type species of the genus Fowlea THEOBALD 1868 which was resurrected from the synonymy of Xenochrophis by Purkayashta et al. 2019.

Key: Cheng et al. 2021 provide a key to the genera of Xenochrophis sensu stricto, Atretium, and Fowlea. 
EtymologyPresumably named after the Latin punctula (small spot), plus the suffix -atus (having), for having small spots. 
References
  • Amarasinghe, A. A., Bandara, S. K., Weerakkody, S., Campbell, P. D., Marques, D. A., Danushka, A. D., ... & Vogel, G. 2022. Systematics of the Sri Lankan Water Snakes of the Genus Fowlea Theobald 1868 (Reptilia: Natricidae). Herpetologica 78(3) : 201-219 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. London (Taylor & Francis), 448 pp. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, George A. 1890. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. Taylor & Francis, London, xviii, 541 pp. - get paper here
  • Chan-ard, T., Parr, J.W.K. & Nabhitabhata, J. 2015. A field guide to the reptiles of Thailand. Oxford University Press, NY, 352 pp. [see book reviews by Pauwels & Grismer 2015 and Hikida 2015 for corrections] - get paper here
  • Cheng, Yu-Qi; Jin-Long Ren, Guang-Xiang Zhu, Jia-Tang Li 2021. On the Taxonomy of Atretium yunnanensis Anderson, 1879 (Squamata: Natricidae), with Redescriptions and Natural History Data of the Poorly Known Species. Russian Journal of Herpetology 28 (4): 205-218 - get paper here
  • Dowling, H.G., & Jenner, J.V. 1988. Snakes of Burma: checklist of reported species and bibliography. Smithsonian Herp. Inf. Serv. (76): 19 pp. - get paper here
  • Günther, A. 1858. Catalogue of Colubrine snakes of the British Museum. London, I - XVI, 1 - 281 - get paper here
  • Pauwels,O.S.G.; David, P., Nutphand, W. & Chimsunchart, C. 2001. First record of Xenochrophis punctulatus (GÜNTHER 1858) (Serpentes: Colubridae: Natricinae) from Thailand. Hamadryad 26 (2): 247-252 - get paper here
  • Purkayastha, Jayaditya; JATIN KALITA, Rajeev Kungur Brahma, Robin Doley, MADHURIMA DAS 2018. A review of the relationships of Xenochrophis cerasogaster Cantor, 1839 (Serpentes: Colubridae) to its congeners. Zootaxa 4514 (1): 126-136, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4514.1.10 - get paper here
  • Smith, M.A. 1943. The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. 3 (Serpentes). Taylor and Francis, London. 583 pp.
  • Theobald, William 1868. Catalogue of the reptiles of British Birma, embracing the provinces of Pegu, Martaban, and Tenasserim; with descriptions of new or little-known species. Zool. J. Linnean Soc. 10: 4-67. - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Zug, G. R., J. H. Blackburn III, S. W. Kyi. 2006. Checkered keelbacks (Xenochrophis - Reptilia: Serpentes: Natricidae) at the Moyingyi Wetland Bird Sanctuary, Myanmar. Hamadryad 30 (1 & 2):157-166. - get paper here
 
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