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Furcifer rhinoceratus (GRAY, 1845)

IUCN Red List - Furcifer rhinoceratus - Vulnerable, VU
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Higher TaxaChamaeleonidae, Sauria, Iguania, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Rhinoceros chameleon 
SynonymChamaeleon rhinoceratus GRAY 1845: 267
Chamaeleo rhinoceros GRAY 1843: 46 (nomen oblitum)
Sauroceras rhinoceratum — GRAY 1865: 354
Chamaeleon rhinoceratus — ANDERSSON 1910
Furcifer rhinoceratus — GLAW & VENCES 1994: 252
Furcifer rhinoceratus — NECAS 1999: 214
Chamaeleo rhinoceratus— PIANKA & VITT 2003: 47
Furcifer rhinoceratus — NECAS 2012
Furcifer rhinoceratus — SENTÍS et al. 2018 
DistributionNW Madagascar

Type locality: “Antema an der Bembatukabai, West-Madagaskar”  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: BMNH 1946.8.20.98, male 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 766 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentSynonymy: Chamaeleon voeltzkowi BOETTGER 1893 and Chamaeleon voeltzkowi BOETTGER 1893 have been removed from the synonymy of Furcifer rhinoceratus and revalidated by SENTÍS et al. 2018.

Type species: Chamaeleo rhinoceratus Gray, 1845 is the type species of the genus Sauroceras Gray, 1865. 
EtymologyApparently named after the large projecting trigonal prominence, which is reminiscent of a rhino horn, from Greek rhis, rhinos = nose, snout, and Greek keras, keros = horn. 
References
  • Andersson, Lars Gabriel 1910. Reptiles and batrachians from the north-west of Madagascar collected by V. Kaudern, 1906-1907. Arkiv för Zoologi 7 (7): 1-15. - get paper here
  • Boettger, O. 1913. Reptilien und Amphibien von Madagascar, den Inseln und dem Festland Ostafrikas. Pp. 269-375. In: Voeltzkow, A. Reise in Ostafrika in den Jahren 1903-1905. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse. Vol. 3. Systematische Arbeiten. Schweizerbart’ sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Nägele und Sproesser, Stuttgart - get paper here
  • Boettger, Oskar 1893. Katalog der Reptilien-Sammlung im Museum der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Frankfurt am Main. I. Teil (Rhynchocephalen, Schildkröten, Krokodile, Eidechsen, Chamäleons). [type catalogue] Gebrüder Knauer, Frankfurt a. M., x + 140 pp. - get paper here
  • Brygoo, E. R. & C. A. Domergue 1968. Les Caméléos á rostre impair et rigide de l'Ouest de Madagascar. Validité des espéces Chamaeleo labordi Grandidier, 1872, et C. antimena Grandidier, 1872. Description d'une espéce nouvelle C. angeli n.sp. et de la femelle de C. rhinoceratus Gray, 1845. Mém. Mus. nat. Hist. nat., Paris A 52 (2): 71-110
  • CAMPBELL, PATRICK D; WOLFGANG DENZER 2020. Annotated catalogue of chameleon types in the collection of the Natural History Museum, UK (NHMUK) (Reptilia: Squamata: Chamaeleonidae). Zootaxa 4742 (3): 481–500 - get paper here
  • Gardner CJ, Raxworthy CJ, Metcalfe K, Raselimanana AP, Smith RJ, Davies ZG 2015. Comparing Methods for Prioritising Protected Areas for Investment: A Case Study Using Madagascar’s Dry Forest Reptiles. PLoS One 10 (7): e0132803, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0132803 - get paper here
  • Glaw ,F. & Vences, M. 1994. A Fieldguide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar. Vences & Glaw Verlag, Köln (ISBN 3-929449-01-3)
  • Glaw, F. 2015. Taxonomic checklist of chameleons (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae). [type catalogue] Vertebrate Zoology 65 (2): 167–246 - get paper here
  • Glaw,F. & Vences,M. 2001. Ein seltenes Chamäleon aus Madagaskar. DATZ 54 (7): 16-19
  • Gray, J. E. 1843. Description of two new species of reptiles from the collection made during the voyages of H.M.S. Sulphur. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (1) 11: 46 - get paper here
  • Gray, J. E. 1845. Catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the British Museum. Trustees of die British Museum/Edward Newman, London: xxvii + 289 pp. - get paper here
  • Gray,J.E. 1865. Revision of the genera and species of Chamaeleonidae, with the description of some new species. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 15: 340-354 - get paper here
  • Lutzmann, N. 2016. Chamäleons. Immer wieder Neues. Reptilia 21 (119): 16-24
  • Nečas, P. 2012. Chamäleons der Gattung Furcifer. Reptilia (Münster) 17 (95): 20-27 - get paper here
  • Nečas, Petr 1999. Chameleons - Nature's Hidden Jewels. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt; 348 pp.; ISBN 3-930612-04-6 (Europe)<br />ISBN 1-57524-137-4 (USA, Canada)
  • Pawlik, K. 2012. Chamäleon-Urlaub – eine Madagaskar-Reise. Reptilia (Münster) 17 (96): 103-109 - get paper here
  • Pianka, E.R. & Vitt, L.J. 2003. Lizards - Windows to the Evolution of Diversity. University of California Press, Berkeley, 347 pp. [review in Copeia 2004: 955] - get paper here
  • Rakotoarison, Andolalao; Jesse Erens, Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina, Miguel Vences 2015. Amphibian and reptile records from around the Betsiboka delta area in North-Western Madagascar. Herpetology Notes 8: 535-543 - get paper here
  • Schmidt, W.; Tamm, K. & Wallikewitz, E. 2010. Chamäleons - Drachen unserer Zeit. Natur und Tier Verlag, 328 pp. [review in Reptilia 101: 64, 2013] - get paper here
 
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