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Geoclemys hamiltonii (GRAY, 1831)

IUCN Red List - Geoclemys hamiltonii - Vulnerable, VU
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Higher TaxaGeoemydidae (Geoemydinae), Testudinoidea, Testudines (turtles)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Black Pond turtle; Spotted Pond turtle
G: Strahlen-Dreikielschildkröte 
SynonymEmys hamiltonii GRAY 1831
Emys picquotii LESSON 1831
Emys guttata GRAY 1832
Emys Hamiltonii — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1835: 315
Geoclemys hamiltonii — GRAY 1855
Melanochelys pictus MURRAY 1884: 107
Damonia hamiltonii — BOULENGER 1889
Geoclemys hamiltonii — ERNST & BARBOUR 1989: 154
Geoclemys hamiltonii — OBST 2003: 17
Geoclemys hamiltonii — TTWG 2014
Geoclemys hamiltonii — TTWG 2021 
DistributionS Pakistan (Indus and Ganges river drainages),
N India (Assam, Jammu and Kashmir), Nepal, Bangladesh

Type locality: "India".  
Reproductionoviparous. 
TypesHolotype: BMNH 1947.3.4.41. 
Diagnosis 
CommentPicture in Elaphe 5 (3): 5 (1997) and Draco 13 (4): 90 (2003).

Type species: Emys hamiltonii GRAY 1831 is the type species of the genus Geoclemys GRAY 1855: 17.

Distribution: possibly in Bhutan (Lenz 2012 and references therein). Sharma (2000) reported Geoclemys hamiltonii from South Gujarat without any specimen vouchers (or photos) or specific locality details but others (Vyas, 2000a, 2007; Patel et al., 2018) did not report these species. As a consequence, Patel &* Vyas 2019 consider both records dubious.

Habitat: freshwater (Rivers, tributaries) 
EtymologyNamed after Dr. Francis Hamilton-Buchanan (1762-1829), an ichthyologist and physician. He worked for the Honourable Bast India Company's Bengal service as an Assistant Surgeon. He became Superintendent of the Calcutta Botanical Gardens (1814). His family name at birth was Buchanan, but he dropped it and took the name Hamilton, his mother's maiden name (1815) (Beolens et al. 2011). 
References
  • Adil, Saba; Shermeen Ijaz, Hira Aslam, Rimsha Kanwal and Sehrish Afsheen 2020. Diversity of amphibians and reptiles in Daphar Forest Sanctuary, district Mandi Bahauddin, Pakistan. Journal of Wildlife and Ecology 4(1):15-26
  • Ali, Waqas; Arshad Javid, Ali Hussain & Syed Mohsin Bukhari 2018. Diversity and conservation of freshwater turtles in Pakistan: a review. Biodiversity 19 (1-2): 62-71 - get paper here
  • Baig, KJ, Masroor, R., and Arshad, M. 2008. Biodiversity and ecology of the herpetofauna of Cholistan Desert, Pakistan. Russ. J. Herpetol. 15 (3): 193-205 - get paper here
  • BARHADIYA, G., AND C. GHOSH 2020. Geographic Distribution: Geoclemys hamiltonii (Spotted Pond Turtle). India: Delhi: South West District. Herpetological Review 51: 535.
  • Basumatary, Rajeev and D.K. Sharma 2013. The turtle fauna of Kaziranga National Park, Assam, India with notes on natural history and conservation status. Herpetology Notes 6: 59-72
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Bour, R. 2008. Global diversity of turtles (Chelonii; Reptilia) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia 595:593–598 - get paper here
  • Bourret, R. 1939. Notes herpétologiques sur l'Indochine française. XVIII. Reptiles et batraciens reçus au Laboratoire des Sciences Naturelle de l'Université au cours de l'année 1939. Descriptions de quatre espéces et d'une variété nouvelles. Bulletin Général de l'Instruction Publique. Hanoi. 19 (4, décembre): 5-39.
  • Bourret, R. 1941. Les tortues de l'Indochine. Institut Océanographique l'Indochine 38:1-235
  • Das, I. et al. 2008. Tortoises and Freshwater Turtles of India. WWF/WII poster
  • Das, Indraneil & Abhijit Das 2017. A Naturalist’s Guide to the Reptiles of India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. John Beaufoy Publishing Ltd., Oxford, 176 pp.
  • Duméril, A.M.C., and G. Bibron. 1835. Erpétologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complète des Reptiles, Vol. 2. Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris, iv + 680 p. - get paper here
  • Ernst,C.H. and Barbour,R.W. 1989. Turtles of the World. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. - London
  • FRITZ, U. & T. ZIEGLER 1999. Contribution to the knowledge of Cyclemys tcheponensis (BOURRET, 1939) and the distribution of Cyclemys in the Indochinese region (Reptilia: Testudines: Bataguridae). Rev. Française Aquariol. 26 (1/2): 71-78
  • Fritz, U.; D Guicking, M Auer, R. S Sommer, M Wink, A. K Hundsdörfer 2008. Diversity of the Southeast Asian leaf turtle genus Cyclemys: how many leaves on its tree of life? Zoologica Scripta doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00332. - get paper here
  • Fritz,U., Gaulke,M. & Lehr,E. 1997. Revision der südostasiatischen Dornschildkröten-Gattung Cyclemys Bell 1834, mit Beschreibung einer neuen Art. Salamandra 33 (3): 183-212 - get paper here
  • Fritz,U.; Niekisch,M; Ziegler,T. 1999. Rediscovery of the holotype of Geoemyda tcheponensis BOURRET 1939 (Reptilia: Testudines: Bataguridae). Zool. Abh. Mus. Tierk. Dresden 50 (2): 243-247
  • Gray, J. E. 1831. Synopsis Reptilium or short descriptions of the species of reptiles. Part I: Cataphracta, tortoises, crocodiles, and enaliosaurians. Treuttel, Wurz & Co., London, 85 pp. - get paper here
  • Gray,J.E. 1856. Catalogue of Shield Reptiles in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Testudinata (Tortoises). British Museum, London, 79 pp. [1855] - get paper here
  • Guicking, D. & Fritz, U.; Wink, M. & Lehr, E. 2002. New data on the diversity of the Southeast Asian leaf turtle genus Cyclemys BELL, 1834. Molecular results (Reptilia: Testudines: Geoemydidae). Faun. Abh. Mus. Tierk. Dresden 23 (4): 75-86 - get paper here
  • Hennig, A.S. 2004. Haltung von Wasserschildkröten. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 125 pp. - get paper here
  • Kästle , W., Rai, K. & Schleich, H.H. 2013. FIELD GUIDE to Amphibians and Reptiles of Nepal. ARCO-Nepal e.V., 625 pp. - get paper here
  • Khan, M.S. 2006. Amphibians and reptiles of Pakistan. Krieger, Malabar, 311 pp. - get paper here
  • Khan, Moh. A.R. 1982. Chelonians of Bangladesh and their conservation. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 79 (1): 110-116. - get paper here
  • Kou,Z. 1989. Cyclemys from Yunnan, a description of a new species and a new record to China (Testudinata: Emydidae). In: Current Herpetology in East Asia, Kyoto 1989: 193-197
  • Lenz, Norbert 2012. Von Schmetterlingen und Donnerdrachen - Natur und Kultur in Bhutan. Karlsruher Naturhefte 4, Naturkundemuseum Karlsruhe, 124 pp.
  • McCord, W.P. & Joseph-Ouni, M. 2003. Chelonian Illustrations #10. Monotypic genera of the family Geoemydidae. Reptilia (GB) (30): 34-38 - get paper here
  • McMorris, J.R. 1976. The generic reassignment of Geoemyda tcheponensis Bourret. Chelonia 3 (2): 10-11.
  • Murray, J. A. 1884. Additions to the reptilian fauna of Sind. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 14: 106—111. - get paper here
  • Nguyen, S.V., Ho, C.T. and Nguyen, T.Q. 2009. Herpetofauna of Vietnam. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 768 pp.
  • Obst, F.J. 2003. Sumpfschildkröten. Draco 4 (13): 4-18 - get paper here
  • Patel, Harshil; and Raju Vyas 2019. Reptiles of Gujarat, India: Updated Checklist, Distribution, and Conservation Status. Herpetology Notes 12: 765-777 - get paper here
  • Philippen, H.-D. 2004. Geoclemys hamiltonii (GRAY 1831) - Strahlen-Dreikielschildkröte. Reptilia (Münster) 9 (49): 51-54 - get paper here
  • Purkayastha J. 2013. An Amateur’s Guide to Reptiles of Assam. EBH Publishers (India) - get paper here
  • Purkayastha, J. 2018. Urban biodiversity: an insight into the terrestrial vertebrate diversity of Guwahati, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 10(10): 12299–12316; - get paper here
  • Purkayastha, J., DAS, I., Sengupta, S. 2015. Freshwater Turtles & Tortoises of South Asia. Bhabani Books, 138 pp. - get paper here
  • Purkayastha, Jayaditya; Ahmed Mahmadul Hassan, Hasanul Islam, Jessica Das, Manoj Sarma, Mituseela Basumatary, Nilakshi Sarma, Nishant Chatterjee, Sachin Singha, Vishnupriya Nair, Arundhati Purkayastha, Jayashree Dutta, Madhurima Das 2013. Turtles of the Temple Pond of Kamakhya, Assam, India. Reptile Rap (15): 11-15 - get paper here
  • Rohilla, Manoj S.; Tiwari, Pramod K. 2008. Restriction fragment length polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA and phylogenetic relationships among five species of Indian freshwater turtles. Journal of Applied Genetics 49(2):167-182 - get paper here
  • Safi, Amtyaz; Muhammad Zaheer Khan, Roohi Kanwal & Hans-Volker Karl 2021. Population Status, Threats and Conservation of the Spotted Pond Turtle; Geoclemys Hamiltonii (Gray, 1830) (Geoemydidae) of Pakistan. Journal of Zoological Research 3 (1): 29-37 - get paper here
  • Sahi D.N., Koul S. 2020. Annotated List of Amphibians and Reptiles of Jammu and Kashmir State. In: Dar G. & Khuroo A. (eds) Biodiversity of the Himalaya: Jammu and Kashmir State. Topics in Biodiversity and Conservation, vol 18. Springer, Singapore - get paper here
  • Schilde, M. 2003. Die Dornschildkröten der Gattung Cyclemys BELL, 1834. Draco 4 (13): 37-42 - get paper here
  • Sengupta D et al. 2019. Assessment of the Reptilian Fauna in the Brahmaputra Plains of Two Districts in Assam, India. IRCF 26 (1): 65-67 - get paper here
  • Sowerby, James de Carle and Edward Lear 1872. Tortoises, terrapins, and turtles: drawn from life. London, Paris, and Frankfort :H. Sotheran, J. Baer & co. - get paper here
  • Stuart, Bryan L.; Fritz, Uwe. 2008. Historical DNA from museum type specimens clarifies diversity of Asian leaf turtles (Cyclemys). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 94(1):131-141 - get paper here
  • TTWG [Peter Paul van Dijk, John B. Iverson, Anders G.J. Rhodin, H. Bradley Shaffer, and Roger Bour] 2014. Turtles of the World, 7th Edition: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution with Maps, and Conservation Status. 000.v7. Chelonian Research Monographs (ISSN 1088-7105) No. 5, doi:10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v7.2014 - get paper here
  • TTWG; Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., Bour, R., Fritz, U., Georges, A., Shaffer, H.B., and van Dijk, P.P. 2021. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (9th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Stanford, C.B., Goode, E.V., Buhlmann, K.A., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Chelonian Research Monographs 8:1–472. doi:10.3854/crm.8.checklist.atlas.v9.2021. - get paper here
  • Vijaya, J. 1983. Range extension for the spotted pond turtle Geoclemys hamiltoni. Hamadryad 8 (2): 20 - get paper here
  • Vyas, Raju 2007. Present conservation scenario of reptile fauna in Gujarat State, India. Indian Forester, Oct 2007: 1381-1394 - get paper here
  • Ziegler, T. 2002. Die Amphibien und Reptilien eines Tieflandfeuchtwald-Schutzgebietes in Vietnam. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 342 pp. - get paper here
 
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