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Geophis rostralis (JAN, 1865)

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Sierra Madre Earth Snake
S: Minadora de la Sierra Madre 
SynonymElapoides rostralis JAN in JAN & SORDELLI 1865: 12 (2)
Geophis rostralis — BOCOURT 1883: 533 in DUMÉRIL, BOCOURT & MOCQUART
Rhabdosoma rostrale — COPE 1885: 385
Rhabdosoma rostrale — COPE 1887: 85
Catostoma rostrale — AMARAL 1929: 192
Geophis rostralis — GÜNTHER 1893: 89
Geophis rostralis — BOULENGER 1894: 323
Geophis rostralis — SMITH & TAYLOR 1945
Geophis rostralis — LINER 1994
Geophis rostralis — WILSON & TOWNSEND 2007: 17
Geophis rostralis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 305 
DistributionMexico (Oaxaca: Sierra Madre del Sur)

Type locality: “Mexique”  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesSyntype: ZMB 6407 
DiagnosisIdentification: A small, dark grayish snake with a narrow, conical head and a long, pointed snout; a long loreal; no anterior temporal; first pair of infralabials broadly separated; dorsal scales in 17 rows, smooth except faintly keeled above vent region (Heimes 2016: 250).

Description: The dorsum is uniformly dark gray and the belly is cream, the subcaudals are mottled with dark pigment. There are 6 supralabials, 6 infralabials, I postocular, 126-132 ventrals and 39-43 divided subcaudals (Heimes 2016: 250). 
CommentGeophis rostralis is not listed in the Zoological Record of 1864. There seems to be no reference to it in SMITH & SMITH 1976.

Synonymy: The status of the species is still uncertain. The species was originally described based on a color plate with no indication of a type specimen or locality. Various authors have recognized G. rostralis as a distinct species (Campbell et al. 1983), while others (Downs 1967) maintain that this species is conspecific with G. dubius.

Distribution: see map in CANSECO-MÁRQUEZ et al. 2016: 133 (Fig. 1). 
References
  • Amaral,A. do 1930. Estudos sobre ophidios neotropicos XVIII. Lista remissiva dos ophidios da região neotropica. Mem. Inst. Butantan 4: 126-271 [1929] - get paper here
  • Bocourt, M. F. 1883. In A. Duméril, M. F. Bocourt, and F. Mocquard, (1870-1909), Etudes sur les reptiles, p. i-xiv, 1-1012. In Recherches Zoologiques pour servir a l'Histoire de Ia Faune de l'Amérique Centrale et du Mexique. Mission Scientifique au Mexique et dans l'Amér Imprimerie Impériale, Paris - get paper here
  • Bogert, Charles Mitchill 1966. The differential characteristics of the Mexican snakes related to Geophis dubius (Peters). American Museum novitates (2277) - get paper here
  • Campbell, J. A.;Ford, L. S.;Karges, J. P. 1983. Resurrection of Geophis anocularis Dunn with comments on its relationships and natural history. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 86 (1): 38-47 - get paper here
  • Canseco-Márquez L, Pavón-Vázquez CJ, López-Luna MA, Nieto-Montes de Oca A 2016. A new species of earth snake (Dipsadidae, Geophis) from Mexico. ZooKeys 610: 131-145. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.610.8605 - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1885. A contribution to the herpetology of Mexico. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 22: 379-404 - get paper here
  • Downs, F. L. 1967. lntrageneric relations among colubrid snakes of the genus Geophis Wagler. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 131: 1-193. - get paper here
  • Fischer, J. G. 1886. Herpetologische Notizen. Abh. Geb. Naturw. Hamb. 9: 51-67 (1-19) - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp
  • Jan, G. & Sordelli, F. 1873. Iconographie Générale des Ophidiens. Atlas 1860-1881. Milan: Jan & Sordelli, 50 livr. - get paper here
  • Perez-Higareda G; Smith H M 1988. Notes on two species of Geophis (Serpentes) of southern Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 33 (3): 388-390 - get paper here
  • Peters, Wilhem Carl Hartwig 1861. Über neue Schlangen des Königl. zoologischen Museums: Typhlops striolatus, Geophidium dubium, Streptophorus (Ninia) maculatus, Elaps hippocrepis. Monatsber. königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin. 1861 (October): 922-925 - get paper here
  • Smith, Hobart M.;P_rez-Higaredo, Gonzalo 1991. Clara evidencia de la coespecificidad de Geophis dubius y Geophis rostralis (Reptilia: Serpentes). Bol. Soc. Herpetol. Mex. 3 (2): 39-40 - get paper here
  • Smith,H.M. & Smith,R.B. 1976. Synopsis of the Herpetofauna of Mexico. Vol. III. Source analysis and index for Mexican reptiles. John Johnson, North Bennington, Vermont.
  • Townsend, J.H.; Wilson, L.D. 2006. A new species of snake of the Geophis dubius group (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae) from the sierra de Omoa of northwestern Honduras. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 119 (1): 150–159. - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • WILSON, L.D. & J.H. TOWNSEND 2007. A checklist and key to the snakes of the genus Geophis (Squamata: Colubridae: Dipsadinae), with commentary on distribution and conservation. Zootaxa 1395: 1-31 - get paper here
 
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