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Gloydius ussuriensis (EMELIANOV, 1929)

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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Ussuri Mamushi
Russian: Уccурийский щитомордник
Chinese: 乌苏里蝮 
SynonymAncistrodon blomhoffi ussuriensis EMELIANOV 1929: 123
Agkistrodon halys ussuriensis — KLEMMER 1963: 400
Agkistrodon caliginosus GLOYD 1972: 563
Agkistrodon halys ussuriensis — HARDING & WELCH 1980
Gloydius caliginosus — HOGE & ROMANO-HOGE 1981: 195
Agkistrodon ussuriensis — TORIBA 1986
Gloydius ussuriensis — KRAUS MINK & BROWN 1996
Agkistrodon caliginosus — WELCH 1994: 11
Agkistrodon blomhoffi intermedius — WELCH 1994: 11
Agkistrodon ussuriensis — ORLOV & BARABANOV 1999
Gloydius ussuriensis — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 309
Gloydius ussurriensis [sic] — ZHOU et al. 2001
Agkistrodon blomhoffi ussuriensis — TRUTNAU 2002
Gloydius ussuriensis — GUMPRECHT et al. 2004
Gloydius ussuriensis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 312
Gloydius ussuriensis — ORLOV et al. 2014 
DistributionE Russia

caliginosus (invalid): Korea, Manchuria; Type locality: vicinity of Seoul, Korea.

Type locality: Suchan River, Primorskiy Territory, Siberia (restricted by CHERNOV 1934); Terra typica restricta (hoc loco). Russian Far East, Primorskii Region, Tetyukhe river valley, Vladimiro-Monomakhovo village [ORLOV & BARABANOV 1999].  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesLectotype. ZISP 13327. Russian Far East, Primorskii Region, Tetyukhe river valley, Vladimi- ro-Monomakhovo village. Leg.: O. Djukin, June 20, 1909. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Total length up to 650 mm. Dorsal scales in 21 rows at midbody. Ventrals 139 – 161, subcaudals 34 – 54, supralabials 7. 
CommentVenomous!

Synonymy partly after KHALIKOV & ANANJEVA (pers. comm.)

Distribution: see map in ORLOV & BARABANOV 1999 and revised map in Orlov et al. 2014: Fig. 2 (which does not have ussuriensis for South Korea, North Korea,
NE China (from N Liaoning to Heilongjiang), so these are removed from its distribution. 
References
  • Adnagulov E.V. 2016. On the distribution of amphibians and reptiles in the Evreiskaya Autonomous Oblast' (Russia). [in Russian] Current Studies in Herpetology, 16(3/4): 87–106 - get paper here
  • Chen, Y.; Zhang, D.; Jiang, K. & Wang, Z. 1992. Evaluation of Snake Venoms among Agkistrodon Species in China. Asiatic Herpetological Research 4: 58-61 - get paper here
  • Chernov, S.A. 1934. On the systematics and distribution of Agkistrodon (Ophidia) in the Soviet Union [in Russian]. Acad. Nauk USSR (Leningrad), new ser. Comptes Rendus (Doklady): 350-356
  • Do, Min Seock; Ki-Baek Nam 2021. Distribution Patterns and Ecological Niches of the Red-tongued Pit Viper (Gloydius ussuriensis) and the Central Asian Pit Viper (Gloydius intermedius) in Cheonmasan Mountain, South Korea. Russian Journal of Herpetology 28 (6): 348-354
  • Dunaev E.A., Orlova V.F. 2017. Amphibians and reptiles of Russia. Atlas and determination. 2nd. ed. Moscow: Phyton XXI, 328 p
  • Emelianov, A.A. 1929. Snakes of the Far Eastern District [In Russian]. Mem. Vladivostok Sect. Russian State Geogr. Soc. 3 (20): 1-208
  • Gloyd, H. K. 1972. The Korean snakes of the genus Agkistrodon (Crotalidae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 85 (49): 557-578 - get paper here
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  • Kraus, Fred; Mink, Daniel G. & Brown, Wesley M. 1996. Crotaline intergeneric relationships based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Copeia 1996 (4): 763-773 - get paper here
  • Kropachev, Ivan I.; Nikolai L. Orlov, Valentina F. Orlova 2016. Gloydius ussuriensis (Emelianov, 1929) [Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae] — a New Snake Species for the Herpetofauna of Mongolia. Russ. J. Herpetol. 23 (2): 108-114 - get paper here
  • Maslova, Irina V.; Yu. E. Dochevoy 2016. A Case of Protocooperation between the Pitviper Gloydius ussuriensis and the Ground Beetle Carabus granulatus telluris. Russ. J. Herpetol. 23 (3): 231-234 - get paper here
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
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  • Orlov, Nikolai L.; Yuri Sundukov, Ivan Kropachev 2014. Distribution of Pitvipers of «Gloydius blomhoffii» Complex in Russia with the First Records of Gloydius blomhoffii blomhoffii at Kunashir Island (Kuril Archipelago, Russian Far East). Russ. J. Herpetol. 21 (3): 169-178 - get paper here
  • Orlov, Nikolai L.;Gennady G. Boeskorov,Spiridon G. Protopopov,Prokopiy R. Nogovitsyn,Vassily E. Kolodeznikov, Marina V. Shchelchkova, Ivan Kropachev 2018. New Records and Taxonomic Position of Snakes of the Genus Gloydius Hoge et Romano-Hoge, 1983 (Crotalinae, Viperidae, Ophidia, Reptilia) in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), with Comments on Their Distribution in the Eastern Siberia and the Far East,. Russ. J. Herpetol. 25 (4): 275-282 - get paper here
  • Park D, Kim I-H, Park I-K, Grajal-Puche A, Park J 2022. A comparison of gene organisations and phylogenetic relationships of all 22 squamate species listed in South Korea using complete mitochondrial DNA. ZooKeys 1129: 21-35 - get paper here
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  • XU, Yan; Qin LIU, Edward A MYERS, , Lian WANG, Song HUANG, Yun HE,Peihao PENG and Peng GUO 2012. Molecular Phylogeny of the Genus Gloydius (Serpentes: Crotalinae). Asian Herpetological Research 3 (2): 127–132 - get paper here
  • Yosida, T.H.; Toriba M. 1986. Chromosome evolution and speciation of reptiles. II. A comparative study on karyotypes of the Chinese mamushi (A. blomhoffii brevicaudus) and the Ussuri mamushi (A. ussuriensis). Proc. Jap. Acad. 62B:17-20 - get paper here
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