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Gloydius tsushimaensis (ISOGAWA, MORIYA & MITSUI, 1994)

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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Tsushima island pitviper
Japanese: Tsushima Mamushi 
SynonymAgkistrodon tsushiamensis ISOGAWA, MORIYA & MITSUI 1994
Gloydius tsushimaensis — GUMPRECHT et al. 2004
Gloydius tsushimaensis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 312
Gloydius tsushimaensis — ORLOV et al. 2014 
DistributionJapan (Tsushima Island)

Type locality: Yora-Naiin, Izuhara-cho, Shimoagata-gun, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan.  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesHolotype: OMNH (Osaka) R3934, a 563 mm male (YMS Research team, 28 July 1987). 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: This species differs from its relatives in the following combination of characters: pits on dorsal scales inconspicuous; ventrals 140-151 in males, 144-153 in females; subcaudals 44-50 in males, 38-45 in females; central dark spots lacking in dorsal blotches; number of bands on trunk 21-28; postocular streak poorly contrasted; venter with pepper-and-salt pattern consisting of numerous fine dark speckles, such pigmentation lacking in the distal half of tail; tongue pink or reddish brown in life; vertebra relatively depressed in shape, its neural Spine considerably low, especially compared to that of A. b. blomhoffii; W of sex chromosomes subtelocentric. (Isogawa et al. 1994)


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CommentVenomous!

Not listed in MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999. 
EtymologyNamed after the type locality. 
References
  • Goris, R.C. & Maeda, N. 2004. Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Japan. Krieger, Malabar, 285 pp.
  • Gumprecht, A.; Tillack, F.; Orlov, N.L.; Captain, A. & Ryabow, S. 2004. Asian pitvipers. Geitje Books, Berlin, 368 pp.
  • Isogawa, K., Moriya, A. & Mitsui, S. 1994. A new snake from the genus Agkistrodon (Serpentes: Viperidae) from Tsushima Island, Nagasaki Prefecture. Japanese Journal of Herpetology 15:101-111. - get paper here
  • Orlov, Nikolai L. and Andrei V. Barabanov. 1999. Analysis of nomenclature, classification, and distribution of the Agkistrodon halys - Agkistrodon intermedius complexes: a critical review. Russ. J. Herpetol. 6 (3): 167-192 - get paper here
  • Orlov, Nikolai L.; Yuri Sundukov, Ivan Kropachev 2014. Distribution of Pitvipers of «Gloydius blomhoffii» Complex in Russia with the First Records of Gloydius blomhoffii blomhoffii at Kunashir Island (Kuril Archipelago, Russian Far East). Russ. J. Herpetol. 21 (3): 169-178 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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