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Gyalopion canum (COPE, 1860)

IUCN Red List - Gyalopion canum - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Western Hooknose Snake, Chihuahuan Hook-nosed Snake
S: Naricilla Chihuahuense 
SynonymPariaspis [?] canum COPE 1860: 241
Ficimia cana — GARMAN 1884: 83
Gyalopium canum — COPE 1900: 947
Ficimia cana — CHRAPLIWY & WARD 1963
Gyalopion canum — STEBBINS 1985: 215
Gyalopion canum — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 217
Gyalopion canum — LINER 1994
Gyalopion canum — CROTHER 2000: 62
Gyalopion canum — CROTHER et al. 2012
Gyalopion canum — WALLACH et al. 2014: 317 
DistributionUSA (SE Arizona, New Mexico, SW Texas),
Mexico (NE Sonora, N/E Chihuahua, Coahuila, NE Durango, N Zacatecas, San Luis Potosi, Nuevo Leon, Michoacan [HR 30: 113], Jalisco [HR 32: 59], Querétaro)

Type locality: Fort Buchanan, Arizona.  
Reproductionoviparous (Wright and Wright 1957:285, Greer 1966) 
TypesHolotype: USNM 5284 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus). Maxillary teeth 12 to 15, subequal, no diastemata, some with very distinct, shallow, lateral depressions, all or most others with some evidence of same; body short, cylindrical, head not distinct from neck; eye small; pupil round; snout projecting, pointed; rostral large, separated from frontal by prefrontals; internasals present; loreal present or absent; anterior section of nasal usually fused with first labial; one anterior temporal; posterior chin-shields very small; scales smooth, with single apical pits; ventrals 129 to 146; caudals 23 to 36; hemipenis undivided, distal half or two-thirds calyces, a small adjacent (proximally) area spines, basal sixth ridges, sulcus single (Smith 1941: 358).


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CommentType species: Pariaspis [?] canum COPE 1860: 241 is the type species of the genus Gyalopion COPE 1860. 
EtymologyThe specific epithet comes from the Latin word canus, meaning "gray," in reference to its general appearance (LEMOS-ESPINAL & DIXON 2013).

The genus name Gyalopion is derived from the Greek words gyalos, meaning "hollow" and pion, meaning "fat," applied in reference to the somewhat concave dorsal surface of the rostral. 
References
  • Bezy, Robert L. and Charles J. Cole 2014. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Madrean Archipelago of Arizona and New Mexico. American Museum Novitates (3810): 1-24 - get paper here
  • Chrapliwy, Pete S.;Ward, Arthur J., Jr 1963. New records of the western hook-nosed snake Ficimia cana (Cope), in West Texas. Southwestern Naturalist 8 (1): 52-53 - get paper here
  • Conant,R. & Collins,J.T. 1991. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern/Central North America, 3rd ed. Houghton Mifflin (Boston/New York), xx + 450 p.
  • Cope, E.D. 1860. Catalogue of the Colubridae in the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part II. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 12: 241-266 - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1900. The crocodilians, lizards and snakes of North America. Ann. Rep. U.S. Natl. Mus. 1898: 153-1270 - get paper here
  • Crother, B. I. 2000. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Herpetological Circular 29: 1-82
  • Crother, B. I. (ed.) 2012. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Seventh Edition. Herpetological Circular 39: 1-92
  • Cruz-Elizalde R, Ramírez-Bautista A, Pineda-López R, Mata-Silva V, DeSantis DL, García-Padilla E, Johnson JD, Rocha A, Fucsko LA, Wilson LD. 2022. The herpetofauna of Querétaro, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 16(1) [General Section]: 148–192 (e308) - get paper here
  • Davis DR, LaDuc TJ 2018. Amphibians and reptiles of C. E. Miller Ranch and the Sierra Vieja, Chihuahuan Desert, Texas, USA. ZooKeys 735: 97-130 - get paper here
  • Degenhardt, William G.; C. W. Painter, and A. H. Price 1996. Amphibians and reptiles of New Mexico. Univ. New Mexico Press, 431 pp.
  • Dixon, James R. 2000. Amphibians and reptiles of Texas, second edition. Texas A&M University Press, 421 pp.
  • Enderson, Erik F.; Thomas R. Van Devender, Robert L. Bezy 2014. Amphibians and reptiles of Yécora, Sonora and the Madrean Tropical Zone of the Sierra Madre Occidental in northwestern Mexico. Check List 10 (4): 913-926 - get paper here
  • Garman, Samuel 1884. The reptiles and batrachians of North America. Mem. Mus. comp. Zool, Cambridge (Massachusetts), 8 (3): xxxiv + 185 pp. [1883] [CNAH reprint 10] - get paper here
  • Greer, A. E. 1966. Viviparity and oviparity in the snake genera Conopsis, Toluca, Gyalopion, and Ficimia, with comments on Tomodon and Helicops. Copeia 1966 (2): 371-373 - get paper here
  • Hardy, L. M. 1976. Possible hybridization between Gyalopion canum and Ficimia publia (Serpentes: Colubridae). American Zoologist 16 (2): 16
  • Hardy, Laurence M. 1976. Gyalopion, G. canum, G. quadrangularis. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (182): 1-3 - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp
  • Lazcano D, Nevárez-de los Reyes M, García-Padilla E, Johnson JD, Mata-Silva V, DeSantis DL, Wilson LD. 2019. The herpetofauna of Coahuila, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13(2) [General Section]: 31–94 (e189) - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Gadsden-Esparza H, Valdez-Lares R, Woolrich-Piña GA 2018. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of Durango, Mexico, with comparisons with adjoining states. ZooKeys 748: 65-87 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Rorabaugh JC 2019. A conservation checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Sonora, Mexico, with updated species lists. ZooKeys 829: 131-160 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Woolrich-Piña GA 2018. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of San Luis Potosí, Mexico, with comparisons with adjoining states. ZooKeys 753: 83-106 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal, Julio A. and James R. Dixon 2013. Amphibians and Reptiles of San Luis Potosí. Eagle Mountain Publishing, xii + 300 pp.
  • Nevárez-de-los-Reyes, Manuel, David Lazcano, Elí García-Padilla, Vicente Mata-Silva, Jerry D. Johnson and Larry David Wilson. 2016. The Herpetofauna of Nuevo León, Mexico: Composition, Distribution, and Conservation. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3 (3): 558–638 - get paper here
  • Painter, C. W., Schmitt, C. G. & Harrison, R. L. 2012. Gyalopion canum (Chihuahuan hook-nosed snake) predation. Herpetological Review 43: 493 - get paper here
  • Smith, Hobart M. 1944. Snakes of the Hoogstraal Expeditions to northern Mexico. Zoological Series of Field Museum of Natural History 29 (8): 135-152 - get paper here
  • Smith, Hobart M.; Taylor, Edward H. 1941. A review of the snakes of the genus Ficimia. J. Washington Acad. Sci. 31 (8): 356-368 - get paper here
  • Smith, J. R.;Thornton, Okla W., Jr;Dixon, James R. 1996. Geographic Distribution. Gyalopion canum. Herpetological Review 27 (1): 34 - get paper here
  • Stebbins,R.C. 1985. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, 2nd ed. Houghton Mifflin, Boston
  • Tanner, Wilmer W. 1985. Snakes of Western Chihuahua. Great Basin Naturalist 45 (4): 615-676 - get paper here
  • Tennant, A. 2003. Snakes of North America - Eastern and Central Regions, revised edition. Lone Star Books, 605 pp.
  • Tennant, A. & Bartlett, R.D. 2000. Snakes of North America - Eastern and Central Regions. Gulf Publishing, Houston, TX, 588 pp.
  • Tepos-Ramírez M, Garduño-Fonseca FS, Peralta-Robles CA, García-Rubio OR, Cervantes Jiménez R 2023. Annotated checklist of amphibians and reptiles from Querétaro, Mexico, including new records, and comments on controversial species. Check List 19(2): 269-292 - get paper here
  • Thornton, Okla W., Jr.;Smith, Jerry R. 1993. New county records of amphibians and reptiles from West-Central Texas. Herpetological Review 24 (1): 35-36 - get paper here
  • Turner, D. S., Van Devender, T. R., Hale, S. F., Zach, R., Martínez, R., Van Devender, R. W., ... & Paholski, C. 2022. Amphibians and reptiles of Rancho Las Playitas area, Sonora, Mexico. Sonoran Herpetologist, 35, 50-59 - get paper here
  • Vaeth, R.H. 1980. Observation of ophiophagy in the western Hooknose Snake, Gyalopion canum Bull. Maryland Herpetol. Soc., 16(3): 94-96. - get paper here
  • Valdez-Lares, R.; R. Muñiz-Martínez; E.Gadsden; G. Aguirre-León; G. Castañeda-Gaytán; R. Gonzalez-Trápaga 2013. Checklist of amphibians and reptiles of the state of Durango, México. Check List 9 (4):714-724 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Werler, John E. & James R. Dixon 2000. Texas Snakes. University of Texas Press, 544 pages
  • Werning, Heiko 2012. Die Reptilien und Amphibien des Südwestens. Draco 13 (50): 18-60 - get paper here
  • Wright, A. H., & Wright, A. A. 1957. Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada 1. Constable, London, xviii + 564 pp. - get paper here
 
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