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Gymnophthalmus cryptus HOOGMOED, COLE & AYARZAGUENA, 1992

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Higher TaxaGymnophthalmidae (Gymnophthalminae), Gymnophthalmini, Sauria, Gymnophthalmoidea, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Cryptic Spectacled Tegu 
SynonymGymnophthalmus cryptus HOOGMOED, COLE & AYARZAGUENA 1992
Gymnophthalmus cryptus — GORZULA & SEÑARIS 1999
Gymnophthalmus cryptus — MACIEL et al. 2021 
DistributionVenezuela (Territorio Federal Amazonas)

Type locality: Venezuela: Territorio Federal Amazonas, Departamento Atabapo, Canaripo, riverine forest 1.5 km SE of camp, 91 m elevation. This locality is along the Rio Ventuari, approximately 33 km ENE (upriver) from Santa Barbara, which is on the Rio Orinoco W (downriver) of the confluence with the Rio Ventuari.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesSyntypes: RMNH 22166 (field number 2249; one of 10 specimens), adult female, 30.V.1978,11:45 - 12:30 hrs, leg. M.S. Hoogmoed and J. Cerda. Paratypes.— RMNH 22155-22165, 5 females, 6 males, Canaripo, 29.V.1978, 15:00 - 16:00 hrs,leg. M.S. Hoogmoed. RMNH 22167-22175, 6 males, 3 females, same data as the holotype. RMNH 22176-22188, 7 males, 6 females, Canaripo, E of camp, 31.V.1978,11:00 -14:00 hrs, leg. M.S. Hoogmoed and J. Cerda. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: This species differs from all other known species of Gymnophthalmus by the following combination of characters: colour of unregenerated tail in life blue; dorsal body brown with pale yellow dorsolateral stripe either fading near midbody or continuing to waist; sides very dark brown or black; dorsal scales of body and base of unregenerated tail all smooth; frontal usually separated from internasals by median contact of prefrontals (79.4% of specimens); one supraocular on each side; usually eight supralabials on each side, five to the posterior edge of the eye; usually four infralabials on each side counted to the posterior edge of the eye; two pairs of enlarged chinshields; 8 to 10 gulars; ventrals in males 20 to 22, in females 21 to 24; dorsals in males 30 to 32, in females 32 to 34; usually 15 scales around midbody (five of which are dorsals, four of which are ventrals, and three on each side); and four or fewer very inconspicuous femoral pores on each side in adult males (pores absent in females) (from HOOGMOED et al. 1992). 
CommentDistribution: for a map see Maciel et al. 2021: 292 (Fig. 1). 
EtymologyThe Latin adjective cryptus is derived from the Greek kryptos, which means secret or hidden. 
References
  • Cole C J. DESSAUER H C. MARKEZICH A L. 1993. Missing Link Found: The Second Ancestor of Gymnophthalmus underwoodi (Squamata: Teiidae), A South American Unisexual Lizard of Hybrid Origin. American Museum Novitates (3055): 1-13. - get paper here
  • DIAGO-TORO, MARÍA F.; DANIELA GARCÍA-COBOS, GIOVANNI D. BRIGANTE-LUNA & JUAN D. VÁSQUEZ-RESTREPO. 2021. Fantastic lizards and where to find them: cis-Andean microteiids (Squamata: Alopoglossidae & Gymnophthalmidae) from the Colombian Orinoquia and Amazonia. Zootaxa 5067 (3): 377–400. - get paper here
  • Gorzula, Stefan & Senaris, J. Celsa 1999. In: Contribution to the herpetofauna of the Venezuelan Guayana. I: a data base. Scientia Guaianae, Caracas, No. 8 [1998], 269+ pp.; ISBN 980-6020-48-0
  • Hoogmoed M S. COLE C J. AYARZAGUENA J. 1992. A NEW CRYPTIC SPECIES OF LIZARD SAURIA TEIIDAE GYMNOPHTHALMUS FROM VENEZUELA. Zoologische Mededelingen 66 (1-15): 1-18. - get paper here
  • Kizirian, D. A. & Cole, C.J. 1999. Origin of the Unisexual Lizard Gymnophthalmus underwoodi (Gymnophthalmidae) Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA Nucleotide Sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 11 (3): 394–400 - get paper here
  • MACIEL, ADRIANO O.; IVANEI S. ARAÚJO, GERALDO R. LIMA-FILHO, FELIPE M.R. CASTRO, LYWOUTY R.S. NASCIMENTO, MANUELA V. DOS SANTOS, ANA L.C. PRUDENTE & MARCELO J. STURARO. 2021. Identity of Gymnophthalmus (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from northeastern Amazonia with evidence for G. underwoodi as invasive in Belém. Acta Amazonica 51: 291–297 - get paper here
  • RECODER, RENATO SOUSA; FRANCISCO DAL VECHIO, SERGIO MARQUES-SOUZA, MAURO JR. TEIXEIRA, MAIUME SILVA-DA-SILVA, ALFREDO P. SANTOS-JR., SÍRIA RIBEIRO, CESAR BARRIO-AMORÓS, MIGUEL TREFAUT RODRIGUES 2018. Geographic variation and taxonomy of red-tailed Gymnophthalmus (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from Amazonian Savannas. Zootaxa 4497 (1): 061–081 - get paper here
  • RIVAS, GILSON A.; CÉSAR R. MOLINA, GABRIEL N. UGUETO, TITO R. BARROS, CÉSAR L. BAR- RIO-AMORÓS & PHILIPPE J. R. KOK 2012. Reptiles of Venezuela: an updated and commented checklist. Zootaxa 3211: 1–64 - get paper here
 
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