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Hebius vibakari (BOIE, 1826)

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Natricinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesHebius vibakari danjoensis TORIBA 1986
Hebius vibakari vibakari (BOIE 1826) 
Common NamesE: Japanese Keelback
Russian: Японский уж
Chinese: 东亚腹链蛇 
SynonymTropidonotus vibakari BOIE 1826: 207
Tropidonotus vibikari [sic] — BOIE 1827: 535
Tropidonotus vibakari — DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 595
Tropidonotus martensii HILGENDORF 1876: 30 (nom. subst.)
Tropidonotus vibakari — BOULENGER 1893: 221
Natrix vibakari — STEJNEGER 1907: 266
Hebius vibakari — THOMPSON 1913: 423
Natrix vibakari ruthveni VAN DENBURGH 1923
Natrix vibakari nikolskii EMELIANOV 1929
Natrix vibakari vibakari — MAKI 1931
Natrix vibakari ruthveni — MAKI 1931
Amphiesma vibakari — MALNATE 1960
Amphiesma vibakari vibakari — MALNATE 1962: 258
Amphiesma vibakari ruthveni — WEBB et al. 1962
Amphiesma vibakari — SZCZERBAK 2003
Amphiesma vibakari — ZHAO 2006
Amphiesma vibakari ruthveni — ANANJEVA et al. 2006
Hebius vibakari — GUO et al. 2014
Amphiesma vibakari — WALLACH et al. 2014: 34
Hebius vibakari — MACIAS et al. 2021

Hebius vibakari danjoensis (TORIBA 1986)
Amphiesma vibakari danjoensis TORIBA 1986
Amphiesma vibakari danjoense — GORIS & MAEDA 2004: 211 
DistributionJapan (Kyushu, Shikoku, Honshu)
NE China (from Liaoning northward), Korea,
Russia (Primorskiy and Khabarovskiy territories, Amurskaya Oblast)

danjoensis: Japan (Oshima Island); Type locality: “under a decayed piece of wood at Kochidomari, Oshima Is.”

ruthveni: “ from Quelpart Island, Pusan, Sinuiju, and Possiet
Bay (on the Korean frontier) to Vladivostok and Khabarovka
at the junction of the Ussuri” [SHANNON 1956], Korea; Type locality: Pusan, Korea.

Type locality: Japan  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesLectotype: RMNH RENA 1068. Paralectotypes: RMNH RENA.47305-07 (old registration number: 1068), collected by: Ph.P von Siebold, Japan
Holotype: CAS 31487 [ruthveni]
Holotype: OMNH (Osaka R-2098, male [danjoensis] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus). Semi-aquatic snakes with keeled dorsal scales, hemipenes and sulci spermaticus simple; maxillary teeth in continuous series, gradually becoming larger posteriorly in the series or the last two teeth abruptly enlarged; internasals broad anteriorly, nostrils lateral; apical pits present or absent. Color pattern commonly consists of a series dark dots dorsolaterally, forming two longitudinal stripes [from Guo et al. 2014].


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CommentType species: Tropidonotus vibakari BOIE 1826: 207 is the type species of the genus Hebius Thompson 1913.

Synonymy: Gao et al. 2024 synonymized Hebius vibakari ruthveni (VAN DENBURGH 1923) with the nominate subspecies, H. vibakari.

Key: Zhou et al. 2019 provide a key to the Hebius species of China.

Comparisons: for a list of characters across the genus Hebius see Ma et al. 2023: 219 (Table 4) 
References
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  • Barbour, Thomas 1909. Notes on Amphibia and Reptilia from Eastern Asia. Proc. New England zool. Club 4: 53-78, 2 plates - get paper here
  • Boie, F. 1827. Bemerkungen über Merrem's Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien, 1. Lieferung: Ophidier. Isis von Oken 20: 508-566. - get paper here
  • Boie. H. 1826. Merkmale einiger japanischer Lurche. lsis von Oken, Jena. 18-19: 203 - 216 - get paper here
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  • Boulenger, George A. 1890. A list of the reptiles and batrachians of Amoorland [Russia]. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 5: 137-144 - get paper here
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  • Hasegawa, M. 1990. Ecological notes on the introduced population of the snake Amphiesma vibakari on Miyake-jima, the Izu Islands, Japan. Natural History Research 1: 81-84
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  • Maslova I.V., Portnyagina E.Yu., Sokolova D.A., Vorobieva P.A., Akulenko M.V., Portnyagin A.S., Somov A.A. 2018. Distribution of rare and endangered amphibians and reptiles in Primorsky Krai (Far East, Russia). Nature Conservation Research 3 (Suppl.1): 61–72. DOI: 10.24189/ncr.2018.052 - get paper here
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  • PARK, IL-KOOK; HOJUN JEONG, JONG-SUN KIM, DAESIK PARK, ALEJANDRO GRAJAL-PUCHE & HOANJIN JANG. 2022. HEBIUS VIBAKARI (Asian Japanese Keelback). DIET. Herpetological Review 53 (2): 341–342.
  • PARK, IL-KOOK; JAEJIN PARK, JIHO PARK, SEONG-HUN MIN, ALEJANDRO GRAJAL-PUCHE & DAESIK PARK. 2021. Predation of the Japanese keelback (Hebius vibakari Boie, 1826) by the Slender racer (Orientocoluber spinalis Peters, 1866). Journal of Ecology and Environment 45(1): 19. - get paper here
  • Sawada, K., Watanabe, Y., Kobayashi, K., Magome, Y., Abe, H. and Kamijo, T. 2025. , Multidimensional niche partitioning allows coexistence of multiple snake species. J Zool, 325: 323-333 - get paper here
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  • Van Denburgh, John 1923. A new subspecies of watersnake (Natrix vibakari ruthveni) from eastern Asia. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 13 (2): 3-4 - get paper here
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  • Похилюк, Н. Е. 2025. The first record of Hebius vibakari (Colubridae: Natricinae) in Pogranichny District, Primorsky Krai. Амурский зоологический журнал, 17(1), 13-16
 
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