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Hemachatus nyangensis REISSIG, MAJOR, RENK, BARLOW, PAIJMANS, MORRIS, HOFREITER, BROADLEY & WÜSTER, 2023

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Higher TaxaElapidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Nyanga rinkhals 
SynonymHemachatus nyangensis REISSIG, MAJOR, RENK, BARLOW, PAIJMANS, MORRIS, HOFREITER, BROADLEY, AND WÜSTER in MAJOR et al. 2023: 9 
DistributionZimbabwe (Manicaland)

Type locality: 2 kilometres northwest of Pungwe View, Nyanga National Park, Nyanga District, Manicaland Province, Republic of Zimbabwe, 18.42 ̊S, 32.78 ̊E, elevation 1122 m  
Reproduction 
TypesHolotype: NMZB—UM 1307, a male specimen (Figs 5 and 6) collected by D. G. Broadley on 23/11/1961. This individ- ual was killed by a car strike.
Paratype: NMZB 9503, a female specimen (Fig 6) collected on the grounds of the Nyanga Trout Hatchery, Nyanga National Park, Nyanga District, Manicaland Province, Republic of Zimbabwe, by G. Puttent in 1982. Cause of death is unknown but may have been killed by a person or struck by a vehicle. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Distinguishable from its relative Hemachatus haemachatus, for which we propose the common name “Southern Rinkhals” and which occurs in South Africa, Lesotho, and Eswatini, by its isolated distribution in eastern Zimbabwe. Morphologically, Haemachatus nyangensis sp. nov. generally has overall lower body scale counts than its southern relative: it usually has fewer nape scale rows (16–18 instead of 17–19), midbody scale rows (commonly 17–19 vs usually 19) (Fig 3), fewer subcaudal scales in both females (30–37 vs 35–40 in H. haemachatus) and males (34–38 vs 35–46) and generally fewer ventral scales in both females (126–130 vs 129– 148) and males (119–124 vs 117–138) (Table 3). The new species is genetically diagnosable through differences in the 12S and 16S mitochondrial sequence. The description of this species means that the genus Hemachatus is no longer monotypic. (Major et al. 2023)


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CommentConservation: possibly extinct, as no specimens have been seen since the 1980s (Major et al. 2023). 
EtymologyNamed after the type locality. 
References
  • Major T, Renk P, Reissig J, Paijmans JLA, Morris E, Hofreiter M, et al. 2023. Museum DNA reveals a new, potentially extinct species of rinkhals (Serpentes: Elapidae: Hemachatus) from the Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe. PLoS ONE 18(9): e0291432 - get paper here
  • Major, T. 2024. The ecology, biogeography, and taxonomy of isolated snake populations. PhD thesis, Bangor University - get paper here
 
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