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Hemidactylus kangerensis MIRZA, BHOSALE & PATIL, 2017

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Higher TaxaGekkonidae, Gekkota, Sauria, Squamata (lizards: geckos)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymHemidactylus kangerensis MIRZA, BHOSALE & PATIL 2017
Hemidactylus maculatus — SANYAL & DASGUPTA 1990: 18
Hemidactylus subtriedrus — SANYAL & DASGUPTA 1990: 18
Hemidactylus maculatus — INGLE 2003:2
Hemidactylus subtriedrus — JAVED et al., 2009: 368 (in part)
Hemidactylus cf. maculatus — MAHONY 2009: 60–61
Hemidactylus cf. maculatus — JAVED et al., 2011: 10 (in part)
Hemidactylus sp. — AGARWAL et al., 2011: 36
Hemidactylus sp. — MIRZA & SANAP 2014: 16 (in part)
Hemidactylus kangerensis — AMARASINGHE et al. 2021 
DistributionIndia (Chhattisgarh)

Type locality: forest rest house near Kailash caves, Kanger Valley National Park, Bastar District, Chhattisgarh, India (18.8411708, 81.9973108, 464 m  
Reproductionoviparous (manual imputation, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: BNHS 2484, adult male, Collected on 2 December 2016 by Harshal Bhosale and Zeeshan Mirza. Paratypes (five specimens): Two males (BNHS 2485, BNHS 2486); three females (BNHS 2487, BNHS 2488, BNHS 2489) collected from Kanger Valley National Park, Bastar District, Chhattisgarh (18.8411708, 81.9973108, 464 m). Collected on 2 December 2016 by Harshal Bhosale and Zeeshan Mirza. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: A large-sized species of the genus, SVL at least 95mm. Dorsal scalation on the trunk, granular, intermixed with enlarged, fairly regularly arranged, longitudinal rows of 18–20 strongly keeled, trihedral, tubercles of equal size of dorso-lateral aspect. Two pairs of postmentals, inner pair twice as long and wide as the outer pair. Scales on trunk venter arranged in 28–30 rows. Lamellae divided, covering 80% of the digit. Caudal pholidosis, dorsal aspect, small, juxtaposed, intermixed with large strongly keeled trihedral tubercles, eight or six in number on each segment of the tail, scales sub-equal throughout the original tail. Femoral pores 18–21 on each side separated medially by four non-pored scales. Three subconical post-cloacal spurs, anterior spur larger than the preceding spurs; posterior spur smallest more rounded.

Comparison: Hemidactylus kangerensis sp. nov. differs from most Indian congeners in bearing the following set of differing and non-overlapping characters: SVL 95–121 mm (vs. SVL < 80 mm in H. aquilonius Zug & Mcmahan, H. flaviviridis Ru ̈ppell, H. frenatus Schlegel, H. garnotii Dume ́ril & Bibron, H. leschenaultii Dume ́ril & Bibron, H. sataraensis Giri & Bauer, H. gracilis Blanford, H. reticulatus Beddome, H. albofasciatus Grandison & Soman, H. scabriceps Annandale, H. persicus Anderson, H. robustus Heyden, H. turcicus Linnaeus, H. platyurus Schneider, H. anamallensis Gu ̈nther, H. treutleri Mahony, H. gleadowi Murray, H. parvimaculatus Deraniyagala, H. kushmorensis Murray, H. murrayi Gleadow, H. triedrus Daudin, H. subtriedrus Jerdon, H. gujaratensis Giri, Bauer, Vyas & Patil); dorsum with large, keeled trihedral tubercles in 18–20 fairly regular longitudinal rows (vs. few smooth or rounded tubercles in H. giganteus Stoliczka, H. gujaratensis Giri, Bauer, Vyas & Patil, H. aaronbaueri Giri, H. yajurvedi Murthy, Bauer, Lajmi, Agarwal & Giri, H. hemchandrai Dandge & Tiple); dorsal pattern with fairly distinct bands and dorsal tubercles trihedral (vs. dorsal pattern with spots and dorsal tubercles subtrihedral in H. prashadi). The new species is most similar to H. maculatus, H. graniticolus, H. acanthopholis, and H. hunae Deraniyagala in general appearance and large SVL. Hemidactylus kangerensis sp. nov. differs from these as follows: femoral pores 18–21 separated by diastema of 4 non-pored scales (vs. 23–28 separated by a diastema of 1–3 poreless scales in H. graniticolus, 19–21 pores separated by a diastema of 12–14 poreless scales in H. acanthopholis, 19 pores separated by a diastema of 7 poreless scales in H. maculatus, Fig. 4); tubercles on dorsum enlarged, arranged in fairly regular longitudinal 18–20 rows strongly keeled, trihedral, tubercles (Fig. 5, vs. 16–18 rows of subtrihedral, weakly keeled tubercles in H. graniticolus and H. hunae); dorsal pholidosis of tail comprised of small, pointed, keeled scales and a series of six or eight large keeled, trihedral tubercles (vs. small, imbricate, striated scales and a series of four enlarged, keeled and weakly striated and flattened tubercles in H. graniticolus and H. hunae). Hemidactylus kangerensis sp. nov. bears broad bark edged bands on its trunk (Fig. 8, vs. shaddle shaped bands on the trunk in H. graniticolus and H. acanthopholis, bands edged with big black spots, three each on the anterior and posterior edges in H. maculatus).
 
Comment 
EtymologyThe species is named after Kanger Valley National Park, where the type locality is located. 
References
  • Amarasinghe, A.A. Thasun; Suranjan Karunarathna, Patrick D. Campbell, Majintha Madawala, Anslem de Silva 2021. A New Species of Hemidactylus Goldfuss, 1820 (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from Sri Lanka with Redescription of H. hunae Deraniyagala, 1937,. Herpetologica 77 (3): 259-272 - get paper here
  • Mirza, Zeeshan A.; Harshal Bhosale, Rishikesh Patil 2017. A new large species of gecko of the genus Hemidactylus Oken, 1817 (Reptilia: Sauria: Gekkonidae) from the Eastern Ghats, India. Comptes Rendus Biologies - get paper here
  • Srinivasulu, Chelmala; Aditya Srinivasulu and Gandla Chethan Kumar 2018. A New Cryptic Rock-dwelling Hemidactylus Oken, 1817 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from northern Karnataka, India. Zootaxa 4444 (1); 25–42. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4444.1.2 - get paper here
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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