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Hydromedusa maximiliani (MIKAN, 1825)

IUCN Red List - Hydromedusa maximiliani - Vulnerable, VU
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Higher TaxaChelidae, Hydromedusinae, Pleurodira, Testudines (turtles)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Maximilian’s Snake-headed Turtle
G: Brasilianische Schlangenhalsschildkröte
Portuguese: Cágado-da-Serra, Cágado-Pescoço-de-Cobra 
SynonymEmys maximiliani MIKAN 1820
Chelodina Flavilabris DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1835: 446
Chelodina Maximiliani [sic] — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1835: 449
Hydromedusa maximiliana GRAY 1844 (nom. subst. pro E. maximiliani)
Hydromedusa subdepressa GRAY 1855: 68
Hydromedusa depressa GRAY 1855 (nom. subst. pro H. subdepressa)
Hydromedusa bankae GIEBEL 1866
Chelomedusa flavilabris — GRAY 1873: 301 (fide GÜNTHER 1884)
Hydromedusa flavilabris — GRAY 1873: 167
Hydromedusa Maximiliani — GÜNTHER 1884: 422
Hydromedusa maximiliani — BOULENGER 1889
Hydromedusa maximiliani — ALDERTON 1988
Hydromedusa maximiliani — TTWG 2014
Hydromedusa maximilliani — COZER et al. 2020 (in error)
Hydromedusa maximiliani — TTWG 2021 
DistributionBrazil (S Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, and Sao Paulo)

Type locality: "Capitania St. Paulo" (=Sao Paulo), Brazil.  
Reproductionoviparous. 
TypesHolotype: NMW 23391 
Diagnosis 
CommentType species: Emys maximiliani MIKAN 1820 is the type species of the genus Hydromedusa WAGLER 1830: 135.

Habitat: freshwater (Small rivers)

Publication date: although often cited as published in 1820, the correct date is 1825, fide Wetmore 1925. 
EtymologyNamed after Maximilian Alexander Philip, Prince zu Wied-Neuwied (1782-1867), an aristocratic explorer. 
References
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Bonin, F., Devaux, B. & Dupré, A. 2006. Turtles of the World. English translation by P.C.H. Pritchard. Johns Hopkins University Press, 416 pp.
  • Bour, R. 2008. Global diversity of turtles (Chelonii; Reptilia) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia 595:593–598 - get paper here
  • Campinhos, E. C., A. T. Monico, W. D. Lauvers and R. B. G. Clemente-Carvalho 2016. Hydromedusa maximiliani (Tartaruga Pescoco-de-serpente, Maximilian's Snake-necked Turtle) parasitism. Herpetological Review 47(3): 448-449. - get paper here
  • Costa, Henrique C.; Daniella T. de Rezende, Flavio B. Molina, Luciana B. Nascimento, Felipe S.F. Leite, and Ana Paula B. Fernandes 2015. New Distribution Records and Potentially Suitable Areas for the Threatened Snake-Necked Turtle Hydromedusa maximiliani (Testudines: Chelidae). Chelonian Conservation and Biology 14 (1): 88-94. - get paper here
  • Cozer, J. S., Pereira-Ribeiro, J., Linause, T. M., Ferreguetti, A. C., de Godoy Bergallo, H., & da Rocha, C. F. D. 2020. Reptile diversity in the Duas Bocas Biological Reserve, Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil. Papéis Avulsos De Zoologia, 60: e20206040 - get paper here
  • de Souza, Franco Leandro 1995. Hydromedusa maximiliani. Juvenile morphology. Herpetological Review 26 (1): 34 - get paper here
  • de Souza, Franco Leandro & Martins, F.I. 2009. Hydromedusa maximiliani (Mikan 1825) – Maximilian’s Snake-Necked Turtle, Brazilian Snake-Necked Turtle. Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5: 1-6 - get paper here
  • Duméril, A.M.C., and G. Bibron. 1835. Erpétologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complète des Reptiles, Vol. 2. Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris, iv + 680 p. - get paper here
  • Ernst,C.H. and Barbour,R.W. 1989. Turtles of the World. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. - London
  • Famelli, Shirley, Franco L. Souza, Arthur Georges and Jaime Bertoluci. 2016. Movement patterns and activity of the Brazilian snake-necked turtle Hydromedusa maximiliani (Testudines: Chelidae) in southeastern Brazil. Amphibia-Reptilia 37 (2): 215-228 - get paper here
  • Famelli, Shirley; Leonardo R. Adriano, Sarah C. P. Pinheiro, Franco L. Souza, and Jaime Bertoluci 2014. Reproductive Biology of the Freshwater Turtle Hydromedusa maximiliani (Chelidae) from Southeastern Brazil. Chelonian Conservation and Biology Jul 2014, Vol. 13, No. 1: 81-88. - get paper here
  • Famelli, Shirley; Sarah Cristina Piacentini Pinheiro, Franco Leandro Souza, Rafael Morais Chiaravalloti, and Jaime Bertoluci 2012. Population Viability Analysis of a Long-Lived Freshwater Turtle, Hydromedusa maximiliani (Testudines: Chelidae). Chelonian Conservation and Biology Dec 2012, Vol. 11, No. 2: 162-169. - get paper here
  • FORLANI, M.C., BERNARDO, P.H., HADDAD, C.B.F. & ZAHER, H. 2010. Herpetofauna of the Carlos Botelho State Park, São Paulo State, Brazil. Biota Neotropica 10 (3): 265-309 - get paper here
  • Freitas, Marco Antonio de; Arthur Diesel Abegg, Iuri Ribeiro Dias, Elbano Paschoal de Figueiredo Moraes 2018. Herpetofauna from Serra da Jibóia, an Atlantic Rainforest remnant in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil. Herpetology Notes 11: 59-72 - get paper here
  • Freitas, Marco Antonio de; Arthur Diesel Abegg, Thais Figueiredo Santos Silva, Patrícia Mendes Fonseca, Breno Hamdan, Thiago Filadelfo 2019. Herpetofauna of Serra do Timbó, an Atlantic Forest remnant in the State of Bahia, Northeastern Brazil. Herpetology Notes 12: 245-260 - get paper here
  • Gaffney, Eugene S. 1977. The side-necked turtle family Chelidae: a theory of relationships using shared derived characters. American Museum Novitates (2620): 1-28 - get paper here
  • Gemel, R.; G. Gassner & S. Schweiger 2019. Katalog der Typen der Herpetologischen Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien – 2018. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 121: 33–248
  • Giebel, C. 1866. Die Schildkröten der Insel Banka. Zeitschrift für die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften, Berlin 27:11–21
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • Gray, J. E. 1873. Observations on chelonians, with descriptions of new genera and species. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 11: 289-308 - get paper here
  • Gray,J.E. 1855. Description of a new genus and some new species of tortoises. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) 15: 67-69 - get paper here
  • Gray,J.E. 1873. On the original form, development, and cohesion of the bones of the sternum of chelonians; with notes on the skeleton of Sphargis. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 11: 161-172 - get paper here
  • Günther, A. 1884. Contribution to our knowledge of Hydromedusa, a genus of South-American freshwater turtles. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 14: 421-425 - get paper here
  • Martins, F.I. & F.L. Souza 2008. Estimates of Growth of the Atlantic Rain Forest Freshwater Turtle Hydromedusa maximiliani (Chelidae) Journal of Herpetology 42 (1): 54-60. - get paper here
  • Martins, Fernando I. and Franco L. Souza 2009. Demographic Parameters of the Neotropical Freshwater Turtle Hydromedusa maximiliani (Chelidae). Herpetologica 65 (1): 82-91 - get paper here
  • Mertens, R. 1967. Bemerkenswerte Süßwasserschildkröten aus Brasilien. Senckenbergiana Biologica 48 (1): 71-82
  • Mikan, J.C. 1825. Delectus Florae et Faunae Brasiliensis [...] Fasciculus Quartus. Antonii Strauss. Wien.
  • Novelli, Iara Alves; Samuel Campos Gomides, Sônia Sin Singer Brugiolo, and Bernadete Maria de Sousa. 2013. Alimentary habits of Hydromedusa maximiliani (Mikan, 1820) (Testudines, Chelidae) and its relation to prey availability in the environment. Herpetology Notes 6: 503-511.
  • Oliveira, Jane C.F.; Rodrigo Castellari Gonzalez; Paulo Passos; Davor Vrcibradic & Carlos Frederico Duarte Rocha 2020. Non-Avian Reptiles of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: status of knowledge and commented list. Pap. Avulsos Zool. 60: e20206024 - get paper here
  • Peters, Wilhem Carl Hartwig 1839. Zur Osteologie der Hydromedusa maximiliani. Müller's Arch. f. Anat. u. Physiol. 1839: 280-289, 1 plate
  • ROCHA, CARLOS FREDERICO D.; HELENA G.BERGALLO, JOSÉ P. POMBAL JR., LENA GEISE, MONIQUE VAN SLUYS, RONALDO FERNANDES, ULISSES CARAMASCHI 2004. FAUNA DE ANFÍBIOS, RÉPTEIS E MAMÍFEROS DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO, SUDESTE DO BRASIL. Publ. Avul. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro (104): 3-23 - get paper here
  • Rojas-Padilla O, Menezes VQ, Dias IR, Argôlo AJS, Solé M, Orrico VGD 2020. Amphibians and reptiles of Parque Nacional da Serra das Lontras: an important center of endemism within the Atlantic Forest in southern Bahia, Brazil. ZooKeys 1002: 159-185 - get paper here
  • Souza, F. L. 2005. Hydromedusa maximiliani - The Brazilian Snake-Necked Turtle. Reptilia (GB) (40): 47-51 - get paper here
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  • Souza, F.L. & A.S. Abe 1998. Resource Partitioning by the Neotropical Freshwater Turtle, Hydromedusa maximiliani Journal of Herpetology 32 (1): 106-112. - get paper here
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  • Souza, Franco L. 2004. Uma revisão sobre padrões de atividade, reprodução e alimentação de cágados brasileiros (Testudines, Chelidae) [A review on activity patterns, reproduction, and feeding habits in Brazilian chelid turtles (Testudines, Chelidae)]. Phyllomedusa 3 (1): 15-28 - get paper here
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  • TTWG [Peter Paul van Dijk, John B. Iverson, Anders G.J. Rhodin, H. Bradley Shaffer, and Roger Bour] 2014. Turtles of the World, 7th Edition: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution with Maps, and Conservation Status. 000.v7. Chelonian Research Monographs (ISSN 1088-7105) No. 5, doi:10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v7.2014 - get paper here
  • TTWG; Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., Bour, R., Fritz, U., Georges, A., Shaffer, H.B., and van Dijk, P.P. 2021. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (9th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Stanford, C.B., Goode, E.V., Buhlmann, K.A., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Chelonian Research Monographs 8:1–472. doi:10.3854/crm.8.checklist.atlas.v9.2021. - get paper here
  • Valverde, J. 2010. Schlangenhalsschildkröten. Reptilia (Münster) 15 (85): 16-23 [erratum in 86: 10] - get paper here
  • Wetmore, A. 1925. Dates of publication of Mikan’s Flora and Fauna of Brazil. The Auk 42 (2): 183 - get paper here
  • Winkler, J.D. 2006. Testing phylogenetic implications of eggshell characters in side-necked turtles (Testudines: Pleurodira). Zoology 109: 127-136 - get paper here
  • Wood, R. C., and R. T. J. Moody. 1976. Unique Arrangement of Carapace Bones in the South American Chelid Turtle Hydromedusa maximiliani (Mikan). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, London 59:69-78 - get paper here
  • Zaher, Hussam; Fausto Erritto BarboI; Paola Sanchez Martínez; Cristiano Nogueira; Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues; Ricardo Jannini Sawaya 2011. Répteis do Estado de São Paulo: conhecimento atual e perspectivas. Biota Neotropica, 11 (1): 1–15. - get paper here
 
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