Hydrophis pachycercos FISCHER, 1855

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Higher Taxa	Elapidae (Hydrophiinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names
Synonym	Hydrophis pachycercos FISCHER 1855 Hydrophis pachycercos FISCHER 1856: 44 Hydrophis pachycerios — JAN 1859 (in error) Hydrophis pachycercos — RASMUSSEN et al. 2007 Hydrophis pachycercos — RASMUSSEN et al. 2011 Chitulia pachycercos — WALLACH et al. 2014: 166
Distribution	Indian Ocean, South Chinese Sea, Vietnam Neotype locality: obtained from a fish market at Phat Thien, Vietnam.
Reproduction	ovovivparous
Types	Neotype. ZMUC R 661230, adult female, designated by Rasmussen et al. 2007. Holotype: ZMH 390, fide Smith (1926), missing fide KHARIN & HALLERMANN 2009
Diagnosis	Additional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (4656 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details.
Comment	Synonymy: Hydrophis pachycercos has been previously synonymized with H. belcheri but revalidated by RASMUSSEN et al. (2007). Habitat: marine. Venomous! Diagnostic characters: Scale rows around neck 26–31; scale rows around body 3–45; ventrals 247–27. Maxillary teeth behind fangs 7–8. Colouration: Body pale yellow above, white below, with pale brown transverse bands fading on the upper part of the flanks. Head white below, black/dark above with pale supralabials and a pale ring around the eyes.
Etymology	Named after Greek: Pachy = thick and cercos = hale. The species name pachycercos has been latified by Günther (1864) and followed by later authors. However, following the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature §31.3.2,: a name which is not originally a Latin name can keep its original spelling. Rasmussen et al. 2007 therefore prefer to keep the name pachycercos instead of the later used name pachycercus.
References	Fischer, J. G. 1855. Die Familie der Seeschlangen systematisch beschrieben von J.G. Fischer Dr., ordentl. Lehrer der Realschule des Johanneums. In: Zu der öffentlichen Prüfung, welche mit den Zöglingen der Realschule Dienstag und Mittwoch , den 25. und 26. September 1855, vormittags von 9 Uhr an, in der Aula des Johanneums gehalten werden soll, ladet im Namen sämtlicher Lehrer ergebens ein Dr. Carl Bertheau, Director der Realschule des Johanneums. Hamburg Johann August Meissner, 68 pp. Fischer, J.G. 1856. Die Familie der Seeschlangen. Abhandl. Nat. Ver. Hamburg 3: 1-78 - get paper here Jan, G. 1859. Plan d'une iconographie descriptive des ophidiens et description sommaire de nouvelles espèces de serpents. Rev. Mag. Zool., Paris (2) (11-12): 122-130 - get paper here Kharin, Vladimir E.; Jakob Hallermann 2009. Annotated catalogue of sea kraits (Laticaudidae) and sea snakes (Hydrophiidae) of the herpetological collection of the Zoological Museum, University of Hamburg. Mitt. hamb. zool. Mus. Inst. 106: 51-67 RASMUSSEN, ARNE REDSTED; JOHAN ELMBERG, PETER GRAVLUND & IVAN INEICH 2011. Sea snakes (Serpentes: subfamilies Hydrophiinae and Laticaudinae) in Vietnam: a comprehensive checklist and an updated identification key. Zootaxa 2894: 1–20 - get paper here Rasmussen,A.R., Gravlund, P.; Nguyen, C. van; Chanhome, L. 2007. A resurrection of Hydrophis pachycercos Fischer 1855 (Serpentes: Elapidae) with a new neotype from the South China sea. Hamadryad 31 (2): 288-298 - get paper here Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information http://www.amonline.net.au/herpetology/research/pdf/hydrophiidae.pdf Google images

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