Hydrophis zweifeli (KHARIN, 1985)

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Higher Taxa	Elapidae (Hydrophiinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Sepik or Zweifel’s beaked seasnake
Synonym	Enhydrina zweifeli KHARIN 1985 Enhydrina zweifeli — MCCARTHY in GOLAY et al. 1993 Enhydrina zweifeli — KHARIN 2005 Hydrophis zweifeli — SANDERS et al. 2012 (by implication) Enhydrina zweifeli — WALLACH et al. 2014: 269 Enhydrina zweifeli — COGGER 2014: 950
Distribution	Papua New Guinea, Australia (Queensland, Northern Territory) Type locality: “off mouth of Sepik River, PNG”
Reproduction	ovovivparous
Types	Holotype: AMNH 104340 (probably - as text is in Russian)
Diagnosis	Diagnosis: KHARIN 2009 Additional details (883 characters) are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details.
Comment	Venomous! Habitat: marine. Only known from the holotype. Diversity: Australian “E. schistosa” has been elevated to species status and provisionally referred to Enhydrina zweifeli by Ukuwela et al. 2013.
Etymology	Named after Richard George Zweifel (1926–2019), American herpetologist. See Cole & Zweifel 2020 for biographical details.
References	Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here Cogger, H. G. 2014. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, 7th ed. CSIRO Publishing, xxx + 1033 pp. - get paper here COLE, C. J., AND M. K. ZWEIFEL 2020. Obituaries: Life History and Behavior of Richard George Zweifel (1926–2019). Herpetological Review 51: 189-193. Golay,P, H.M. SMITH, D.G. BROADLEY, J. R. DIXON, C., MCCARTHY, J. C. RAGE, B. SCHÀTTI & M.TORIBA 1993. Endoglyphs and other major venomous snakes of the world. A checklist. [type catalogue] Aire-Genève, Azemiops S. A. Herpetological Data Center: i-xv + 1-478. Kharin V E 1985. A new species of sea snakes of the genus Enhydrina (Serpentes, Hydrophiidae) from waters of New Guinea. [in Russian]. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 64 (5): 785-787 Kharin, Vladimir E. and Vladimir P. Czeblukov 2009. A Revision of the Sea Snakes of Subfamily Hydrophiinae. 1. Tribe Disteirini Nov. (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae). Russ. J. Herpetol. 16 (3):183-202 - get paper here Lillywhite, H. B.; H. Heatwole and C. M. Sheehy III 2015. Dehydration and drinking behavior in true sea snakes (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae: Hydrophiini). Journal of Zoology, DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12239 - get paper here O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here O’Shea,M. 1996. A Guide to the Snakes of Papua New Guinea. Independent Publishing, Port Moresby, xii + 239 pp. - get paper here RASMUSSEN, ARNE REDSTED; KATE LAURA SANDERS, MICHAEL L. GUINEA & ANDREW P. AMEY 2014. Sea snakes in Australian waters (Serpentes: subfamilies Hydrophiinae and Laticaudinae)—a review with an updated identification key. Zootaxa 3869 (4): 351–371 - get paper here Sanders, K.L.; Michael S.Y. Lee, Mumpuni, Terry Bertozzi, Arne R. Rasmussen 2012. Multilocus phylogeny and recent rapid radiation of the viviparous sea snakes (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 66 (3): 575-591 - get paper here Ukuwela, Kanishka D.B.; Anslem de Silva, Mumpuni, Bryan G. Fry, Michael S.Y. Lee, Kate L. Sanders 2012. Molecular evidence that the deadliest sea snake Enhydrina schistosa (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae) consists of two convergent species. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 66 (1): 262-269 - get paper here Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2012/11/20/the… Google images

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