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Hypsirhynchus funereus (COPE, 1862)

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Alsophiini, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Jamaican Black Racer, Jamaican Black Groundsnake 
SynonymAlsophis funereus COPE 1862: 77
Dromicus funereus — GRANT 1938
Dromicus funereus — GRANT 1939
Dromicus funereus — GRANT 1940: 125
Dromicus funereus — BUDEN 1966: 5
Arrhyton funereum —  MAGLIO 1970
Arrhyton funereum — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991: 587
Darlingtonia funerea — CROTHER 1999
Schwartzophis funereum — ZAHER et al. 2009
Hypsirhynchus funereus — HEDGES et al. 2009
Schwartzophis funereum — GRAZZIOTIN et al. 2012
Schwartzophis funereum — WALLACH et al. 2014: 651
Hypsirhynchus funereus — KRYSKO et al. 2015 
DistributionJamaica

Type locality: Jamaica.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesLectotype: USNM 12372, designated by Buden, 1966. 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (653 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentFor illustrations see Buden, 1966. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin funereus (pertaining to burial, funeral) and alludes to the black coloration. 
References
  • Buden, D. W. 1966. An evaluation of Jamaican Dromicus (Serpentes, Colubridae) with the description of a new species. Breviora (238): 1-10 - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1862. Synopsis of the species of Holcosus and Ameiva, with diagnoses of new West Indian and South American Colubridae. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 14: 60-82. - get paper here
  • Crother, Brian I. 1999. PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG WEST INDIAN XENODONTINE SNAKES (SERPENTES; COLUBRIDAE) WITH COMMENTS ON THE PHYLOGENY OF SOME MAINLAND XENODONTINES. Contemporary Herpetology 2 - get paper here
  • Grant, C. 1938. The Jamaican Dromicus funereus (Cope) Re-Established. Copeia 1938 (2): 83-86 - get paper here
  • Grant, C. 1939. Additional Data on Jamaican Snakes of the Genus Dromicus. Copeia 1939 (2): 105-106 - get paper here
  • Grant, C. 1940. The herpetology of Jamaica Il. The reptiles. Bull. Inst. Jamaica., Sci. Ser. 1: 61-148.
  • Grazziotin, Felipe G.; Hussam Zaher, Robert W. Murphy, Gustavo Scrocchi, Marco A. Benavides, Ya-Ping Zhang and Sandro L. Bonatto 2012. Molecular phylogeny of the New World Dipsadidae (Serpentes: Colubroidea): a reappraisal. Cladistics DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2012.00393.x - get paper here
  • Hedges, S. Blair; Arnaud Couloux; Vidal, Nicolas 2009. Molecular phylogeny, classification, and biogeography of West Indian racer snakes of the Tribe Alsophiini (Squamata, Dipsadidae, Xenodontinae). Zootaxa 2067: 1-28 - get paper here
  • KRYSKO, KENNETH L.; DAVID W. STEADMAN, LEROY P. NUÑEZ & DAVID S. LEE 2015. Molecular phylogeny of Caribbean dipsadid (Xenodontinae: Alsophiini) snakes, including identification of the first record from the Cay Sal Bank, The Bahamas. Zootaxa 4028 (3): 441–450 - get paper here
  • Maglio, Vincent J. 1970. West Indian Xenodontine colubrid snakes: Their probable origin, phylogeny, and zoogeography. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 141 (1): 1-54 - get paper here
  • Schwartz, A. & Henderson, R.W. 1991. Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 720 pp.
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Zaher, Hussam; Grazziotin, Felipe Gobbi; Cadle, John E.; Murphy, Robert W.; Moura-Leite, Julio Cesar de; Bonatto, Sandro L 2009. Molecular phylogeny of advanced snakes (Serpentes, Caenophidia) with an emphasis on South American Xenodontines: a revised classification and descriptions of new taxa. Pap. Avulsos Zool. (São Paulo) 49 (11): 115-153 - get paper here
 
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