You are here » home › advanced search › Kinosternon subrubrum

Kinosternon subrubrum BONNATERRE, 1789

IUCN Red List - Kinosternon subrubrum - Least Concern, LC
iNaturalist logo

Can you confirm these amateur observations of Kinosternon subrubrum?

Add your own observation of
Kinosternon subrubrum »

Find more photos by Google images search: Google images

Higher TaxaKinosternidae (Kinosterninae), Kinosternoidea, Testudines (turtles)
SubspeciesKinosternon subrubrum subrubrum (BONNATERRE 1789)
Kinosternon subrubrum hippocrepis GRAY 1856 
Common NamesE: Eastern Mud Turtle, Common Mud Turtle
subrubrum: Eastern Mud Turtle
hippocrepis: Mississippi Mud Turtle
steindachneri: Florida Mud Turtle 
SynonymKinosternon subrubrum (LACÉPÈDE 1788: 132, 618)
Testudo subrubra LACÉPÈDE 1788
Testudo subrubra — BONNATERRE 1789: 27
Kinosternon pensylvanicum — GRAY 1856: 265
Cinosternum pensylvanicum — BOCOURT 1876: 392
Cinosternum pensylvanicum BOULENGER 1889
Kinosternon pensylvanicum — RHOADS 1885: 384
Kinosternon subrubrum — ERNST & BARBOUR 1989: 78
Kinosternon subrubrum — TTWG 2014
Kinosternon subrubrum — TTWG 2021
Kinosternon subrubrum — TTWG 2025

Kinosternon subrubrum subrubrum (BONNATERRE 1789)
Testudo pensilvanica GMELIN 1789
Cistuda pensylvanica — SAY 1824: 206
Cinosternon Pensylvanicum — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1835: 367
Kinosternon oblongum GRAY 1844
Kinosternon doubledayii GRAY 1844
Kinosternon punctatum GRAY 1856: 265
Swanka fasciata GRAY 1870
Cinosternum pennsylvanicum — BRIMLEY 1910: 18
Kinosternon subrubrum subrubrum — STEJNEGER & BARBOUR 1917
Kinosternon subrubrum subrubrum — ERNST & BARBOUR 1989: 78
Kinosternon subrubrum subrubrum — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 46
Kinosternon subrubrum subrubrum — CROTHER 2000
Kinosternon subrubrum subrubrum — RHODIN et al. 2010
Kinosternon subrubrum subrubrum — TTWG 2014
Kinosternon subrubrum subrubrum — TTWG 2021

Kinosternon subrubrum hippocrepis GRAY 1856
Kinosternon hippocrepis GRAY 1856: 265
Kinosternon louisianae BAUR 1893
Cinosternum louisianae — BRIMLEY 1910: 17
Kinosternon subrubrum hippocrepis — STEJNEGER & BARBOUR 1917
Kinosternon subrubrum hippocrepis — MCCOY 1975
Kinosternon subrubrum hippocrepis — CONANT & BERRY 1978
Kinosternon subrubrum hippocrepis — ERNST & BARBOUR 1989: 79
Kinosternon subrubrum hippocrepis — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 48
Kinosternon subrubrum hippocrepis — CROTHER 2000
Kinosternon subrubrum hippocrepis — RHODIN et al. 2010
Kinosternon subrubrum hippocrepis — TTWG 2014
Kinosternon subrubrum hippocrepis — TTWG 2021 
DistributionUSA (Connecticut, Long Island, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Louisiana, E Texas, SE Oklahoma, Arkansas, SE Missouri, S Illinois, Tennessee, W Kentucky, Indiana).

subrubrum: (New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, S Illinois, Tennessee, W Kentucky, Indiana); Type locality: Not stated: designated as "vicinity of Philadelphia" [Philadelphia Co., Pennsylvania,
USA] by Schmidt (1953:90).

hippocrepis: USA (Louisiana, C Texas, E Oklahoma, Colorado, Arkansas, SE Missouri, Mississippi, SE Illinois, W Tennessee, Texas, Florida panhandle, and areas in between); Type locality: "North America: New Orleans" [Orleans Parish,
Louisiana, USA]  
Reproductionoviparous. Exhibits temperature‐dependent sex determination (TSD) fide Cornejo-Páramo et al. 2020 (and references therein). 
TypesHolotype: not given (Iverson 1977)
Syntypes: BMNH 1946.1.22.16-17 [hippocrepis]
Holotype: USNM 15527 [Kinosternon louisianae] 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 2553 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentSynonymy: after Schmidt 1953: 90.

Distribution: possibly introduced to C Italy

Please note that SAVAGE (2003) suggested to reject Lacepède’s (1788) “Histoire Naturelle des Quadrupèdes Ovipares” as a non-binominal work (Case 3226; Bull. Zool. Nom. 60 (2)). This application has been successful. The ICZN (2005) has ruled that Lacepède’s (1788) work (and all subsequent editions of this work) are rejected as an unavailable, non-binominal work.

Habitat: freshwater (swamps, quiet rivers) 
EtymologyNamed after sub- (Latin) = under, almost and rubrum (Latin) = red, a reference to the brown shell. 
References
  • Allen, Morrow J. 1932. A survey of the Amphibians and reptiles of Harrison County, Mississippi. American Museum Novitates (542): 1-20 - get paper here
  • Bartlett, R. D. & Bartlett, P. 1999. A Field Guide to Texas Reptiles and Amphibians. Gulf Publishing Co., Houston, Texas, 331 pp.
  • Beane, J C 2019. New geographic distribution records for reptiles from North Carolina, USA. Herpetological Review 50 (3): 538-542 - get paper here
  • Belford, Thomas J. 2010. Geographic distribution: Kinosternon subrubrum hippocrepis. Herpetological Review 41 (3): 377 - get paper here
  • Belford, Thomas J. 2010. Geographic distribution: Kinosternon subrubrum hippocrepis. Herpetological Review 41 (3): 377 - get paper here
  • Bennett, D.H. 1972. Notes on the Terrestrial Wintering of Mud Turtles (Kinosternon subrubrum) Herpetologica 28 (3): 245-247. - get paper here
  • Bocourt, F. 1876. Note sur quelques reptiles de l'Isthme de Tehuantepec (Mexique) donnés par M. Sumichrast au museum. Journal de Zoologie. Paris. 5 (5-6): 386-411 - get paper here
  • Bogert, Charles M. (Charles Mitchill); Cowles, Raymond B. (Raymond Bridgman) 1947. Moisture loss in relation to habitat selection in some Floridian reptiles. American Museum novitates (1358) - get paper here
  • Bonin, F., Devaux, B. & Dupré, A. 2006. Turtles of the World. English translation by P.C.H. Pritchard. Johns Hopkins University Press, 416 pp.
  • Bonnaterre, P.J. 1789. Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature, . . . Erpétologie. Panckoucke, Paris, xxviii+71 pp. (+ plates + index) - get paper here
  • Bour, R. 2008. Global diversity of turtles (Chelonii; Reptilia) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia 595:593–598 - get paper here
  • Brimley, C. S. 1910. Records of some reptiles and batrachians from the Southeastern United States. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 23: 9-18 - get paper here
  • Buhlmann, Kurt; Tracey Tuberville & Whit Gibbons 2008. TURTLES OF THE SOUTHEAST. University of Georgia Press, Athens, iv + 264 pp.
  • Butterfield, Brian P., M. Rachel Hobgood, Eric A. Hughes, Joshua P. Kee and Lee J. Barton. 2014. Geographic Distribution: Kinosternon subrubrum (eastern mud turtle). Herpetological Review 45 (3): 460 - get paper here
  • Campbell, P. et al. 2011. FHF snapshot. HerpNation 2.4 (7): 18-22 - get paper here
  • Camper, Jeffrey D. 2019. The Reptiles of South Carolina. University of South Carolina Press, 288 pp. [review in Copeia 107 (3): 590, 2019] - get paper here
  • Collins, Joseph T. 1995. Kinosternon subrubrum. Herpetological Review 26 (2): 106 - get paper here
  • Conant, Roger; Berry, James F. 1978. Turtles of the family Kinosternidae in the Southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico: Identification and distribution. American Museum Novitates (2642): 1-18 - get paper here
  • Conant,R. & Collins,J.T. 1991. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern/Central North America, 3rd ed. Houghton Mifflin (Boston/New York), xx + 450 p.
  • Connior, Matthew B. 2010. Geographic distribution: Kinosternon subrubrum. Herpetological Review 41 (3): 377 - get paper here
  • CONNOCK, JOHN R. & HOWARD H. WHITEMAN. 2021. Geographic distribution: KINOSTERNON SUBRUBRUM (Eastern Mud Turtle). USA: KENTUCKY: Carlisle Co. Herpetological Review 52 (1): 80. - get paper here
  • Cordero, G. A., Quinlan, M., Blackstone, S. & Swarth, C. W. 2012. Kinosternon subrubrum (eastern mud turtle) overwintering. Herpetological Review 43: 327 - get paper here
  • Cordero, Gerardo A. 2017. Quick guide: The turtle’s shell. Biology 27: R163–R171 - get paper here
  • Cordero, Gerardo Antonio. 2011. Kinosternon subrubrum (eastern mud turtle) musking. Herpetological Review 42 (3): 422 - get paper here
  • Cordero, Gerardo Antonio; Rebecca Reeves, and Christopher W. Swarth 2012. Long Distance Aquatic Movement and Home-Range Size of an Eastern Mud Turtle, Kinosternon subrubrum, Population in the Mid-Atlantic Region of the United States. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 11 (1): 121-124. - get paper here
  • Cornejo-Páramo, P., Lira-Noriega, A., Ramírez-Suástegui, C. et al. 2020. Sex determination systems in reptiles are related to ambient temperature but not to the level of climatic fluctuation. BMC Evol Biol 20: 103 - get paper here
  • Craig, R. J. 1980. The northeastern range limit of the eastern mud turtle Kinosternon s. subrubrum (Lacepede). Journal of Herpetology 14 (3): 295-297 - get paper here
  • Crother, B. I. (ed.) 2012. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Seventh Edition. Herpetological Circular 39: 1-92
  • De Sola, R. 1931. Sex Determination in a Species of the Kinosternidae, with Notes on Sound Production in Reptiles. Copeia 1931 (3): 124-125 - get paper here
  • Dixon, James R. 2000. Amphibians and reptiles of Texas, second edition. Texas A&M University Press, 421 pp.
  • Duméril, A.M.C., and G. Bibron. 1835. Erpétologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complète des Reptiles, Vol. 2. Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris, iv + 680 p. - get paper here
  • Dundee, Harold A. 1950. Kinosternon subrubrum hippocrepis (Gray) in Oklahoma. Herpetologica 6: 138-139 - get paper here
  • Elston, Jonathan; Virginie Rolland, and Stanley E. Trauth 2016. Urban Ditch Characteristics Associated with Turtle Abundance and Species Richness. Herp. Cons. Biol. 11 (1) - get paper here
  • Ernst, C, H.; Barbour, R. W.; Ernst, E. M.; Butler, J. R. 1974. Subspecific variation and intergradation in Florida Kinosternon subrubrum. Herpetologica 30 (3): 317-320 - get paper here
  • Ernst, C.H., R.W. Barbour, E.M. Ernst & J.R. Butler 1973. Growth of the Mud Trutle, Kinosternon subrubrum, in Florida Herpetologica 29 (3): 247-250. - get paper here
  • Ernst, Carl H.; Lovich, Jeffrey E. 2009. Turtles of the United States and Canada, 2nd edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, 827 pp. - get paper here
  • Ernst,C.H. and Barbour,R.W. 1989. Turtles of the World. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. - London
  • Felix, Zach I. 2013. Geographic Distribution: Kinosternon subrubrum (eastern mud turtle). Herpetological Review 44 (4): 624 - get paper here
  • Ferri, Vincenzo; Corrado Battisti, Christiana Soccini, Riccardo Santoro 2021. First records for Europe of the non-native turtles Kinosternon subrubrum Bonnaterre, 1789 and Pelomedusa olivacea (Schweigger, 1812) in a suburban wetland in central Italy. Herpetology Notes 14: 303-307 - get paper here
  • Gibbons, J. Whitfield 2013. A Long-Term Perspective of Delayed Emergence (aka Overwintering) in Hatchling Turtles: Some They Do and Some They Don't, and Some You Just Can't Tell. Journal of Herpetology Jun 2013, Vol. 47, No. 2: 203-214. - get paper here
  • Gibbons, J.W. 1983. Reproductive Characteristics and Ecology of the Mud Turtle, Kinosternon subrubrum (Lacepede) Herpetologica 39 (3): 254-271. - get paper here
  • Gibson, Jason D. & Jason L. Worley 2018. Kinosternon subrubrum (Eastern Mud Turtle). Catesbeiana 38 (2): 115-116 - get paper here
  • Gray, J.E. 1856. On some new species freshwater tortoises from North America, Ceylon and Australia, in the collection of the British Museum. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1855: 197-202 - get paper here
  • Gray,J.E. 1856. On some new species freshwater tortoises from North America, Ceylon and Australia. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) 18: 263-268 - get paper here
  • Harden, Leigh Anne, Steven J. Price and Michael E. Dorcas. 2009. Terrestrial activity and habitat selection of Eastern Mud Turtles, Kinosternon subrubrum, in a fragmented landscape: Implications for habitat management of golf courses and other suburban environments. Copeia 2009 (1): 78-84 - get paper here
  • Heitz, Brendan B., Elyse S. Freitas, Alyssa M. Anwar, Elizabeth G. Gorgone-Barbosa, Michelle L. Penrod, Collin Whitsett and Cameron D. Siler. 2015. Geographic Distribution: Kinosternon subrubrum (Mississippi mud turtle). Herpetological Review 46 (4): 565-566 - get paper here
  • Herman, Dennis W.;Boynton, Allen C. 1993. Kinosternon subrubrum subrubrum (Eastern mud turtle). USA: North Carolina. Herpetological Review 24 (4): 154 - get paper here
  • Hibbitts, Toby J. and Connor S. Adams. 2015. Geographic Distribution: Kinosternon subrubrum (eastern mud turtle). Herpetological Review 46 (2): 215 - get paper here
  • Hibbitts, Troy D. and Terry L. Hibbitts 2016. Texas Turtles & Crocodilians: a Field Guide. University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas. xvi + 276 pp., 117 photos, 36 maps. ISBN 978-1477307779. - get paper here
  • ICZN 2005. OPINION 2104 (Case 3226). Lacepède, B.G.É. de la V., 1788, Histoire Naturelle des Quadrupèdes Ovipares: rejected as a non-binominal work. Bull. Zool. Nomenclature 62 (1): 55 - get paper here
  • Iverson, J. B. 1979. On the identity of Kinosternon punctatum Gray 1855. Florida Scientist 42 (4): 250-252 - get paper here
  • Iverson, J.B. 1977. Kinosternon subrubrum (Lacépède). Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 193: 1-4. - get paper here
  • Iverson, J.B. 1979. Reproduction and Growth of the mud turtle, Kinosternon subrubrum (Reptilia, Testudines, Kinosternidae), in Arkansas Journal of Herpetology 13 (1): 105-111. - get paper here
  • Iverson, John B.; Minh Le, Colleen Ingram 2013. Molecular phylogenetics of the mud and musk turtle family Kinosternidae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 69 (3): 929–939 - get paper here
  • Jensen, John B.; Carlos D. Camp, Whit Gibbons, & Matt J. Elliott 2008. Amphibians and reptiles of Georgia. University of Georgia Press, 575 pp.
  • Kabisch, Klaus; Obst, Fritz Jürgen 1968. Katalog der herpetologischen Sammlung des Zoologischen Institutes der Karl-Marx-Universität Leipzig, übernommen vom Staatl. Museum Tierkunde Dresden I. Testudines. [type catalogue] Abhandlungen und Berichte aud dem Staatl Museum für Tierkunde in Dresden 29 (23): 294-300
  • Lacépède, B. G. E. 1788. Histoire Naturelle des Quadrupe des Ovipares et des Serpens. Vol.1. Imprimerie du Roi, Hôtel de Thou, Paris, xvii + 651 pp. - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal, Julio A. (ed.) 2015. Amphibians and Reptiles of the US - Mexico Border States / Anfibios y Reptiles de los Estados de la Frontera México - Estados Unidos. Texas A&M University Press, College Station, Texas. x + 614 pp.; ISBN 978-1-62349-306-6. - get paper here
  • Lindeman, Peter V. 2014. Geographic Distribution: Kinosternon subrubrum (eastern mud turtle). Herpetological Review 45 (2): 280 - get paper here
  • Manis, Chris and Thomas P. Wilson. 2011. Geographic Distribution: Kinosternon subrubrum (eastern mud turtle). Herpetological Review 42 (3): 389-390 - get paper here
  • McCord, W.P. & Joseph-Ouni, M. 2005. Chelonian Illustrations #21: Mud turtles of the United States and Morthern Mexico. Reptilia (GB) (41): 80-83 - get paper here
  • McCoy, C. J. 1975. Notes on Oklahoma Reptiles. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Sciences 55: 53-54 - get paper here
  • Meshaka, W.E., Jr., Gibbons, J.W., Hughes, <br />D.F., Klemens, M.W., and iverson, J.B. 2017. Kinosternon subrubrum (Bonnaterre 1789) – Eastern Mud Turtle. Chelonian Research Monographs 5(10):101.1–16. doi: 10.3854/crm.5.101. subrubrum.v1.2017; www.iucn-tftsg.org/cbftt/ - get paper here
  • MIller, Brian T. and Joyce L. Miller. 2011. Geographic Distribution: Kinosternon subrubrum (eastern mud turtle). Herpetological Review 42 (3): 390 - get paper here
  • Mitchell, J. C. & Reay, K.K. 1999. Atlas of amphibians and reptiles in Virginia. Specialty Publication 1, VA Dept of Game and Fisheries, 122 pp. - get paper here
  • Mitchell, J.C. 1994. The reptiles of Virginia. Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, ca. 350 pp.
  • Moss, E. D. & Wang, C. L. 2012. Geographic distribution: Kinosternon subrubrum (eastern mud turtle). Herpetological Review 43: 442 - get paper here
  • Murphy, Chris M.; Tracey D. Tuberville, John C. Maerz, and Kimberly M. Andrews 2015. Evaporative Water Loss Rates of Four Species of Aquatic Turtles from the Coastal Plain of the Southeastern United States. Journal of Herpetology 50 (3): 457-463. - get paper here
  • Palmer, W.M. & Braswell, A.L. 1995. Reptiles of North Carolina. Univ. North Carolina Press
  • Parker, William S. 1996. Age and survivorship of the slider (Trachemys scripta) and the mud turtle (Kinosternon subrubrum) in a Mississippi farm pond. Journal of Herpetology 30 (2): 266-268 - get paper here
  • Rhoads, Samuel N. 1895. Contributions ot the zoology of Tennessee. No. 1, Amphibians and Reptiles. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1895: 376-407 - get paper here
  • Rigley, L. 1974. Agonistic Behavior of the Eastern Mud Turtle Kinosternon subrubrum subrubrum Bull. Maryland Herpetol. Soc., 10(1): 22-23. - get paper here
  • Savage, J.M. 2003. Lacepéde, B.G.É. de la V., 1788, Histoire Naturelle des Quadrupédes Ovipares: proposed rejection as a non-binomial work. Bull. Zool. Nomenclature 60 (2): 138 - get paper here
  • Say, T. 1824. On the fresh water and land Tortoises of the United States. J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 4 (2): 203-219 - get paper here
  • Schilde, M. 2001. Schlammschildkröten: Kinosternon, Sternotherus, Claudius, Staurotypus. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 136 pp. - get paper here
  • Schlauch, Frederick C. 1968. Long Island Turtles of the Family Chelydridae. Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 4 (1): 7 - get paper here
  • Schmidt, Karl P. 1953. A Checklist of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. 6th ed. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Chicago, 280 pp. - get paper here
  • Siebenrock, F. 1906. Eine neue Cinosternum-Art aus Florida. Zool. Anz. 30 (Oct. 16): 727-728 - get paper here
  • Steen, D. A., Webb, K. Q., Vogel, H. J., Parker, T. D., Dziadzio, M. C. & Hopkins, W. A. 2012. Kinosternon subrubrum (eastern mud turtle) diet. Herpetological Review 43: 639 - get paper here
  • Steen, D.A., S.C. Sterrett, S.A. Miller & L.L. Smith 2007. Terrestrial Movements and Microhabitat Selection of Overwintering Subadult Eastern Mud Turtles (Kinosternon subrubrum) in Southwest Georgia Journal of Herpetology 41 (3): 532-535. - get paper here
  • Stille, W.T. 1947. Kinosternon subrubrum subrubrum in the Chicago Region Copeia 1947 (2): 143. - get paper here
  • TRAUTH, STANLEY E. & MICHAEL PLUMMER. 2021. Distal Excurrent Ducts and Penile Morphology of the Urogenital System in the Mississippi Mud Turtle, Kinosternon subrubrum hippocrepis (Chelonia:Kinosternidae). Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science 75: 36–44. - get paper here
  • TTWG [Peter Paul van Dijk, John B. Iverson, Anders G.J. Rhodin, H. Bradley Shaffer, and Roger Bour] 2014. Turtles of the World, 7th Edition: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution with Maps, and Conservation Status. 000.v7. Chelonian Research Monographs (ISSN 1088-7105) No. 5, doi:10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v7.2014 - get paper here
  • TTWG [TURTLE TAXONOMY WORKING GROUP: RHODIN, A.G.J., IVERSON, J.B., FRITZ, U., GALLEGO-GARCÍA, N., GEORGES, A., SHAFFER, H.B., AND VAN DuK, P.P.]. 2025. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (10th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Stanford, C.B., Goode, E.V., Buhlmann, K.A., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs 10:1-575 - get paper here
  • TTWG; Anders G.J. Rhodin, John B. iverson, Roger Bour, Uwe Fritz, Arthur GeoRges, H. BRadley Shaffer, and Peter Paul van Dijk 2017. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (8th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Saumure, R.A., Buhlmann, K.A., Pritchard, P.C.H., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs 7:1–292. doi: 10.3854/crm.7.checklist.atlas.v8.2017 - get paper here
  • TTWG; Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., Bour, R., Fritz, U., Georges, A., Shaffer, H.B., and van Dijk, P.P. 2021. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (9th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Stanford, C.B., Goode, E.V., Buhlmann, K.A., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs 8:1–472. doi:10.3854/crm.8.checklist.atlas.v9.2021. - get paper here
  • TTWG; Rhodin, A.G.J.; van Dijk, P.P.; Iverson, J.B. & Shaffer, H.B. [turtle taxonomy working group] 2010. Turtles of the World, 2010 Update: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status. Chelonian Research Monographs (ISSN 1088-7105) No. 5, doi:10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v3.2010 - get paper here
  • Walker, DeEtte;Moler, Paul E.;Buhlmann, Kurt A.;Avise, John C. 1998. Phylogeographic patterns in Kinosternon subrubrum and K. bauri based on mitochondrial DNA restriction analysis. Herpetologica 54 (2): 174-184 - get paper here
  • Welch, Richard F. 1994. Stalking the elusive eastern mud turtle. Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1994 (Nov./Dec.): 88-95
 
External links  
Is it interesting? Share with others:


Please submit feedback about this entry to the curator