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Laemanctus longipes WIEGMANN, 1834

IUCN Red List - Laemanctus longipes - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaCorytophanidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
SubspeciesLaemanctus longipes longipes WIEGMANN 1834
Laemanctus longipes deborrei BOULENGER 1877 
Common NamesE: Eastern Casquehead Iguana
S: Cutete Policía 
SynonymLaemanctus longipes WIEGMANN 1834: 46
Laemanctus longipes — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1837: 72
Laemanctus de Borrei BOULENGER 1877: 464
Laemanctus longipes — BOULENGER 1885: 105
Laemanctus longipes — PETERS et al. 1970: 153
Laemanctus longipes — LINER 1994
Laemanctus longipes — KÖHLER 2000: 81
Laemanctus longipes — MATA-SILVA et al. 2015

Laemanctus longipes deborrei BOULENGER 1877
Laemanctus de Borrei BOULENGER 1877: 465
Laemanctus longipes — MÜLLER 1880: 10
Laemanctus deborrii — GÜNTHER 1885: 54 (unjustified emendation)
Laemanctus deborri — BOULENGER 1885: 106
Laemanctus deborrei — WEBER 1945
Laemanctus deborrei — STUART 1948
Laemanctus deborrei — SMITH & TAYLOR 1950: 71
Laemanctus deborrei — STUART 1963
Laemanctus deborrei — DUELLMAN 1963: 235
Laemanctus longipes deborrei — MCCOY 1968: 668
Laemanctus longipes deborrei — MCCRANIE & KÖHLER 2004 
DistributionMexico (Veracruz, Colima, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo),
Belize, NW Honduras, Nicaragua, Guatemala, 0-1200 m elevation.

deborrei: Isthmus of Tehuantepec south to Nicaragua. Type locality: “Tabasco (Mexique)”.

longipes; C Veracruz, Mexico.

Type locality: Jalapa, Veracruz.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: ZMB 494
Syntypes: IRSNB 2003 (Institut Royal des Sciences Naturales de Belgique), 2004, adult males, collector unknown (purchased by a Mr. Linden), collection date unknown (entered into museum ledger 17 November 1857) [deborrei] 
DiagnosisDescription (genus): The genus Laemanctus consists of medium-large iguanid lizards (snout-vent length to 150 mm) with laterally-compressed body, extremely long tail, legs, and toes, and a unique flat-topped cephalic casque. The dorsal and ventral body scales are large, keeled, and imbricate, and the middorsal row is usually enlarged. The gular fold may be present or absent. The subdigital lamellae are keeled, but not flanged or fringed. Laemanctus is probably most closely related to the genera Basiliscus Laurenti and Corytophanes Boie, and the three genera have been loosely grouped as the "basiliscine" iguanids (Cope, 1900; Etheridge, 1964). The geographic range of the genus Laemanctus extends throughout Atlantic drainage lowlands between sea level and 650 m elevation (Gadow, 1910), from central Tamaulipas, Mexico, to the Rio Ulua drainage of northwestern Honduras. The map presented by Savage (1966:fig. 22, p. 754) is a good approximation of all but the northern-most part of the range of Laemanctus. Laemanctus is an autochthonous Mesoamerican genus, which has not expanded its range beyond the humid lowlands of eastern Central America (Stuart, 1957; Savage, 1966, McCoy 1968).

Diagnosis: Anterior dorsal head scales small and irregular; posterior edge of head lacking a fringe of enlarged conical scales (Fig. 2); middorsal scales not enlarged, no free serrate dorsal crest (McCoy 1968).

Diagnosis (longipes): A subspecies of L. longipes characterized by large size; small body scales (average 55 around midbody); gular fold well developed and continuous, with 3-5 rows of granules; anterior dorsal head scales larger than posterior dorsal head scales (McCoy 1968).

Definition (deborrei): A subspecies of L. longipes characterized by moderate size; medium-sized body scales (average 43 around mid-body); gular fold well developed and continuous, with two or three rows of granules; dorsal head scales subequal in size (McCoy 1968). 
CommentType species: Laemanctus longipes WIEGMANN 1834: 46 is the type species of the genus Laemanctus WIEGMANN 1834.

Synonymy: Laemanctus longipes waltersi SCHMIDT 1933 is now considered as a valid species.

Distribution: not in Yucatan state (Mexico) according to GONZÁLEZ-SÁNCHEZ et al. 2017. 
EtymologyThe generic name apparently is derived from the Greek words laminos, meaning "throat" and anctus, meaning "press together," presumably in reference to the tapered crowns of the marginal teeth (Lemos-Espinal & Dixon 2013).

The patronym waltersi honors Leon L. Walters, the taxidermist at the FMNH, who accompanied Schmidt when the holotype was collected. 
References
  • Aguilar-López JL, Luría-Manzano R, Pineda E, Canseco-Márquez L 2021. Selva Zoque, Mexico: an important Mesoamerican tropical region for reptile species diversity and conservation. ZooKeys 1054: 127-153 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, George A. 1877. Étude monographique du genre Læmanctus et description d'une espèce nouvelle. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 2: 460-466 - get paper here
  • Campbell, J.A. 1998. Amphibians and reptiles of northern Guatemala, the Yucatán, and Belize. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, xiii + 380 pp. - get paper here
  • Casas-Andreu, G., F.R. Méndez-De la Cruz and X. Aguilar-Miguel. 2004. Anfibios y Reptiles; pp. 375–390, in A.J.M. García-Mendoza, J. Ordoñez and M. Briones-Salas (ed.). Biodiversidad de Oaxaca. Instituto de Biología, UNAM-Fondo Oaxaqueño para la Conservación de la Naturaleza-World Wildlife Fund, México, D. F.
  • Dathe, F. 1988. Laemanctus longipes Wiegmann, 1834 Kronenbasilisk (Familie: Iguanidae, Leguane). Aquarien Terrarien (Leipzig) 35(8): 288
  • Duellman, W. E. 1963. Amphibians and reptiles of the rainforest of Southern El Peten, Guatemala. Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. 15: 205-49. - get paper here
  • Duméril, A. M. C. and G. Bibron. 1837. Erpétologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complete des Reptiles. Vol. 4. Libr. Encyclopédique Roret, Paris, 570 pp. - get paper here
  • González-Sánchez, V. H., J. D. Johnson, E. García-Padilla, V. Mata-Silva, D. L. DeSantis and L. D. Wilson. 2017. The Herpetofauna of the Mexican Yucatan Peninsula: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(2): 264–380 - get paper here
  • Günther, A. C. L. G. 1885. Reptilia and Batrachia. Biologia Centrali-Américana. Taylor, & Francis, London, 326 pp. [published in parts from 1885-1902; reprint by the SSAR 1987] - get paper here
  • Johnson, Jerry D.; Vicente Mata-Silva, Elí García Padilla, and Larry David Wilson 2015. The Herpetofauna of Chiapas, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (3): 272–329. - get paper here
  • Köhler, G. 2000. Reptilien und Amphibien Mittelamerikas, Bd 1: Krokodile, Schildkröten, Echsen. Herpeton Verlag, Offenbach, 158 pp.
  • Köhler, G. 2008. Reptiles of Central America. 2nd Ed. Herpeton-Verlag, 400 pp.
  • Lee, J. C. 2000. A field guide to the amphibians and reptiles of the Maya world. Cornell University Press, Ithaca,
  • Lee, J.C. 1996. The amphibians and reptiles of the Yucatán Peninsula. Comstock, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 500 pp.
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Pierce LJS, Painter CW 2020. The amphibians and reptiles of Colima, Mexico, with a summary of their conservation status. ZooKeys 927: 99-125 - get paper here
  • Mata-Silva, Vicente, Jerry D. Johnson, Larry David Wilson and Elí García-Padilla. 2015. The herpetofauna of Oaxaca, Mexico: composition, physiographic distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (1): 6–62 - get paper here
  • McCarthy, T.J. 1982. A note on the reproduction in Laemanctus longipes in Belize (Sauria: Iguanidae). Carib. J. Sci. 18 (1-4): 133-136
  • McCOY, C. J. 1968. A review of the genus Laemanctus (Reptilia: Iguanidae). Copeia 1968 (4): 665-78. - get paper here
  • McCranie, J.R. & Köhler, G. 2004. Laemanctus longipes. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 795: 1-4 - get paper here
  • McCranie, J.R. & Köhler, G. 2004. Laemanctus Wiegmann, Casqueheaded Basilisks, Cutetes. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 794: 1-2 - get paper here
  • McCranie, James R. 2015. A checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Honduras, with additions, comments on taxonomy, some recent taxonomic decisions, and areas of further studies needed. Zootaxa 3931 (3): 352–386 - get paper here
  • McCranie, James R. 2018. The Lizards, Crocodiles, and Turtles of Honduras. Systematics, Distribution, and Conservation. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Special Publication Series (2): 1- 666 - get paper here
  • Müller, F. 1880. Erster Nachtrag zum Katalog der herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums. Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 7: 120-165 - get paper here
  • Schmidt, K. P. 1933. New reptiles and amphibians from Honduras. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Zool. Ser. 20: 15-22. - get paper here
  • Smith, H.M. & Taylor,E.H. 1950. An annotated checklist and key to the reptiles of Mexico exclusive of the snakes. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 199: 1-253 - get paper here
  • Solís, J. M., L. D. Wilson, and J. H. Townsend. 2014. An updated list of the amphibians and reptiles of Honduras, with comments on their nomenclature. Mesoamerican Herpetology 1: 123–144 - get paper here
  • Stuart, L. C. 1948. The amphibians and reptiles of Alta Verapaz Guatamala. Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 69: 1-109 - get paper here
  • Sunyer, Javier 2014. An updated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Nicaragua. Mesoamerican Herpetology 1 (2): 186–202. - get paper here
  • Torres-Hernández, LA, Ramírez-Bautista A, Cruz-Elizalde R, Hernández-Salinas U, Berriozabal-Islas C, DeSantis DL, Johnson JD, Rocha A, García-Padilla E, Mata-Silva V, Fucsko LA, and Wilson LD. 2021. The herpetofauna of Veracruz, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 15(2) [General Section]: 72–155 - get paper here
  • Townsend, J. H., L. D. Wilson, M. Medina-Flores, E. Aguilar-Urbina, B. K. Atkinson et al. 2012. A premontane hotspot for herpetological endemism on the windward side of Refugio de Vida Silvestre Texíguat, Honduras. Salamandra 48 (2): 92-114 - get paper here
  • Vieira, G. H. C., Colli, G. R. & Báo, S. N. 2005. Phylogenetic relationships of corytophanid lizards (Iguania, Squamata, Reptilia) based on partitioned and total evidence analyses of sperm morphology, gross morphology, and DNA data. Zoologica Scripta 34 (6): 605-625. - get paper here
  • Weber, W. A. 1945. Wildlife of Tabasco and Veracruz (Mexico). National Geographic 87(2):187-216
  • Wiegmann,A.F.A. 1834. Herpetologia Mexicana, seu descriptio amphibiorum novae hispaniae , quae itineribus comitis de Sack, Ferdinandi Deppe et Chr. Guil. Schiede im Museum Zoologicum Berolinense Pervenerunt. Pars prima, saurorum species. Berlin, Lüderitz, iv + 54 pp. - get paper here
 
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