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Leptosiaphos kilimensis (STEJNEGER, 1891)

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Higher TaxaScincidae, Eugongylinae (Eugongylini), Scincoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Kilimanjaro Five-toed Skink 
SynonymLygosoma kilimensis STEJNEGER 1891: 405
Lygosoma kutensis LÖNNBERG 1911: 17 (fide BROADLEY & HOWELL 1991)
Lygosoma kilimensis — TORNIER 1900
Lygosoma clathrotis BOULENGER 1900: 194 (fide LOVERIDGE 1957)
Lygosoma thomasi TORNIER 1903: 175 (fide LOVERIDGE 1957)
Lygosoma clathrotis — SMITH 1937: 221
Lygosoma (Leptosiaphos) thomasi — SCHMIDT 1943
Lygosoma (Leptosiaphos) kilimensis — SCHMIDT 1943
Lygosoma (Leptosiaphos) kutuensis — SCHMIDT 1943
Leptosiaphos thomasi — MITTLEMAN 1952
Panaspis kilimensis — GREER 1974
Panaspis thomasi — WELCH 1982: 91
Leptosiaphos (Leptosiaphos) kilimensis — BROADLEY & HOWELL 1991: 16
Leptosiaphos kilimensis — JESUS et al. 2007
Leptosiaphos kilimensis — SPAWLS et al. 2018: 160 
DistributionKenya, Tanzania, Republic of South Sudan (RSS)

Type locality: Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania [?; cited after BROADLEY & HOWELL]
Type locality: near Kutu village, between Embu and Fort Hall, Kenya [kutensis]
Type locality: Nairobi, Kenya Colony [thomasi]  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: USNM 16749 
Diagnosis 
CommentSynonymy: partly after Bauer et al. 2003. BROADLEY & POYNTON 1998 (in SCHMIDT’s 1919-1923 SSAR reprint) stated that TORNIER’s specimens [from Rwanda] need to be re-examined as they probably represent one of the Afromontane species of Leptosiaphos.

Distribution: Not listed by BROADLEY & POYNTON for the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire).

Habitat: mid- to high-altitude forest 
References
  • Bauer, A.M., Shea, G.M., and Günther, R. 2003. An annotated catalogue of the types of scincid lizards (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae) in the collection of the Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (ZMB). Zoologische Reihe. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin 79:253-321 - get paper here
  • Blackburn, D.G. 1993. STANDARDIZED CRITERIA FOR THE RECOGNITION OF REPRODUCTIVE MODES IN SQUAMATE REPTILES. Herpetologica 49 (1): 118-132 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G. A. 1900. Description of a new lizard from British East Africa. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 6 (32): 194-195 - get paper here
  • Bretzel, J. & Gebler, J. 2019. Die Taita Hills - ein herpetologischer Bericht aus einer fragmentierten Landschaft. Elaphe 2019 (2): 80-85
  • Broadley, D. G. & HOWELL, K. M. 1991. A check list of the reptiles of Tanzania, with synoptic keys. Syntarsus 1: 1—70
  • Greer, A.E. 1974. The generic relationships of the scincid lizard genus Leiolopisma and its relatives. Australian Journal of Zoology 31: 1-67. - get paper here
  • Jesus, José; D. James Harris and António Brehm 2007. Relationships of Afroablepharus Greer, 1974 skinks from the Gulf of Guinea islands based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA: Patterns of colonization and comments on taxonomy. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 45 (3): 904-914 - get paper here
  • Lönnberg, E. 1911. Reptiles, Batrachians and Fishes collected by the swedish Zoological Expedition to British East Africa 1911. Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akademiens Handligar. 47(6): 1-24. - get paper here
  • Loveridge, A. 1957. Check list of the reptiles and amphibians of east Africa (Uganda, Kenya, Tanganyika, Zanzibar). Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 117 (2): 153-362 - get paper here
  • Lyakurwa, J.V., Howell, K.M., Munishi, L.K., Treydte, A.C. 2019. Uzungwa Scarp Nature Forest Reserve; a unique hotspot for reptiles in Tanzania. Acta Herpetologica 14 (1): 3-14 - get paper here
  • Menegon, Michele, Sebastiano Salvidio and David Moyer 2003. Reptiles and Amphibians of Nguu North Forest Reserve, Tanzania: A first contribution. African Herp News (36):2-8. - get paper here
  • Mittleman, M.B. 1952. A generic synopsis of the Lizards of the Subfamily Lygosominae. Smithson. misc. Collns, 117: 1-35. - get paper here
  • Schmidt, K. P. 1943. Amphibians and reptiles from the Sudan. Field Mus. nat. Hist (ser. zool.) 24: 331- 338. - get paper here
  • Spawls, S. & Rotich, D. 1997. An annotated checklist of the lizards of Kenya. J. East African Nat. Hist. 86: 61-83
  • Spawls, S.; Howell, K.; Drewes, R.C. & Ashe, J. 2002. A field guide to the reptiles of East Africa. Academic Press, 543 pp. [reviews in HR 34: 396 and Afr. J. Herp. 51; 147] - get paper here
  • Spawls, Stephen; Tomáš Mazuch& Abubakr Mohammad 2023. Handbook of Amphibians and Reptiles of North-east Africa. Bloomsbury, 640 pp. - get paper here
  • Spawls, Steve; Kim Howell, Harald Hinkel, Michele Menegon 2018. Field Guide to East African Reptiles. Bloomsbury, 624 pp. - get paper here
  • Stejneger, L. 1891. Description of a new scincoid lizard from East Africa. Proc. US Natl. Mus. 14: 405-406 - get paper here
  • Stejneger, L. 1893. On some collections of reptiles and batrachians from East Africa and the adjacent islands, recently received from Dr. W. L. Abbott and Mr. William Astor Chanler, with descriptions of new species. Proc. US Natl. Mus. 16: 711-741 - get paper here
  • Tornier, G. 1900. Neue Liste der Crocodile, Schildkröten und Eidechsen Deutsch-Ost-Afrikas. Zool. Jahrb. Syst. 13: 579-618 - get paper here
  • Tornier,G. 1903. Drei neue Reptilien aus Ost-Afrika. Zool. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 173-178 - get paper here
  • Ullenbruch, Klaus & Wolfgang Böhme 2017. Six new records of Afrotropical lizard and snake species (Reptilia: Squamata) from the Republic of South Sudan. Bonn zoological Bulletin 66 (2): 139–144 - get paper here
  • Welch, K.R.G. 1982. Herpetology of Africa; a checklist and bibliography of the orders Amphisbaenia, Sauria, and Serpentes. Robert E. Krieger Pub. Co., Malabar, FL 293 pp.
 
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