Leptotyphlops howelli BROADLEY & WALLACH, 2007

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Higher Taxa	Leptotyphlopidae, Leptotyphlopinae, Leptotyphlopini, Typhlopoidea, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Howell’s worm snake
Synonym	Leptotyphlops howelli BROADLEY & WALLACH 2007: 30 Leptotyphlops macrops — BROADLEY & WALLACH 1996: 162 (part) Leptotyphlops macrops — SPAWLS et al., 2002: 303 (part) Leptotyphlops howelli — ADALSTEINSSON, BRANCH, TRAPE, VITT & HEDGES 2009 Leptotyphlops howelli — WALLACH et al. 2014: 367 Leptotyphlops howelli — SPAWLS et al. 2018: 367
Distribution	Tanzania (Rufiji District) Type locality: Mchungu Forest Reserve, Rufiji District, Piwani Region, Tanzania, (07°44'S, 39°17'E, elevation 15 m). In camp in woodland on surface after rain.
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Holotype: NMZB 10455, a male, collected by K.M. Howell (field no. 7041), 5 September 1990.
Diagnosis	Diagnosis: A member of the Leptotyphlops macrops complex, distinguished by its low total middorsal scale count (229–237) from L. pembae (247–269) and L. macrops (272–322). It also differs from both these taxa in numerous visceral characters. (Broadley & Wallach 2007) Additional details (1678 characters) are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details.
Comment	Habitat: Coastal forest/savanna mosaic (holotype) or gallery forest (paratype).
Etymology	Named for the collector K.M. Howell (1945-2022), in recognition of his major contributions to Tanzanian herpetology. For an obituary see Stuart et al. 2023.
References	Adalsteinsson, S.A.; Branch, W.R.; Trapé, S.; Vitt, L.J. & Hedges, S.B. 2009. Molecular phylogeny, classification, and biogeography of snakes of the Family Leptotyphlopidae (Reptilia, Squamata). Zootaxa 2244: 1-50 - get paper here Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here Broadley, D.G. & V. Wallach 1996. A remarkable new worm snake (Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae) from the East African Coast. Copeia 1996 (1): 162-166 - get paper here Broadley, Donald G. & Wallach, V. 2007. A revision of the genus Leptotyphlops in northeastern Africa and southwestern Arabia (Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae). Zootaxa 1408: 1–78 - get paper here Hedges, S.B., Marion, A.B., Lipp, K.M., Marin, J. & Vidal, N. 2014. A taxonomic framework for typhlopid snakes from the Caribbean and other regions (Reptilia, Squamata). Caribbean Herpetology 49: 1–61 - get paper here Spawls, S.; Howell, K.; Drewes, R.C. & Ashe, J. 2002. A field guide to the reptiles of East Africa. Academic Press, 543 pp. [reviews in HR 34: 396 and Afr. J. Herp. 51; 147] - get paper here Spawls, Steve; Kim Howell, Harald Hinkel, Michele Menegon 2018. Field Guide to East African Reptiles. Bloomsbury, 624 pp. - get paper here Stuart, Simon N; Flora J Magige, Olivier Hamerlynck, William D Newmark, Flora Stephano, Steven Spawls, Cuthbert Nahonyo, Yunus D Mgaya, David C Moyer & Charles Msuya 2023. Tribute to Kim Monroe Howell (1945–2022). African Zoology - get paper here Trape, J.-F. & Mané, Y. 2006. Guide des serpents d’Afrique occidentale. Savane et désert. [Senegal, Gambia, Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger]. IRD Editions, Paris, 226 pp. - get paper here Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
External links	IUCN Red List Google images

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