Letheobia sudanensis (SCHMIDT, 1923)

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Higher Taxa	Typhlopidae (Afrotyphlopinae), Typhlopoidea, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Garamba gracile blind-snake, Sudan Beaked Snake
Synonym	Typhlops sudanensis SCHMIDT 1923: 51 Typhlops sudanensis — ESSEX 1928 Rhinotyphlops sudanensis — ROUX-ESTÈVE 1974: 233 Typhlops sudanensis — PITMAN 1974 Rhinotyphlops sudanensis — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 87 Letheobia sudanensis — BROADLEY & WALLACH 2007 Letheobia sudanensis — HEDGES et al. 2014 Letheobia sudanensis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 382 Letheobia cf. sudanensis — BEHANGANA et al. 2020
Distribution	Zaire (Orientale), N Democratic Republic of the Congo, elevation 700–1300 m, Republic of South Sudan (RSS) Type locality: Faradje (contra Schmidt 1923: 4, who erroneously lists the type locality as Garamba, Sudan [= Ituri, Democratic Republic of the Congo] (03°43’N, 29°42’E, elevation 820 m).
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Holotype: AMNH 11677; collected by H. Lang and J. P. Chapin, November 1911
Diagnosis
Comment	Habitat: Mosaic of lowland rain forest and secondary grassland (Sudanese savanna). Distribution: not in East Africa (i.e. Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi fide S. Spawls, pers. comm., 28 June 2018) despite reports from Uganda (Pitman 1974).
Etymology	Named after the type locality.
References	Behangana, Mathias; Richard Magala, Raymond Katumba, David Ochanda, Stephen Kigoolo, Samuel Mutebi, Daniele Dendi,, Luca Luiselli, and Daniel F. Hughes 2020. Herpetofaunal diversity and community structure in the Murchison Falls-Albert Delta Ramsar site, Uganda: Herpetofaunal diversity. European Journal of Ecology, 6(2) Broadley, Donald G. & Wallach, V. 2007. A review of East and Central African species of Letheobia Cope, revived from the synonymy of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with descriptions of five new species (Serpentes: Typhlopidae). Zootaxa 1515: 31–68 - get paper here Chifundera, K. 1990. Snakes of Zaire and their bites. Afr. Stud. Monogr. (Kyoto) 10(3): 137-157. Chippaux, Jean-Philippe & Kate Jackson 2019. Snakes of Central and Western Africa. Johns Hopkins University Press, 448 pp. [detaileld review in HR 51 (1): 161] - get paper here Essex, R. 1929. A note on three burrowing reptiles. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 1: 268-270 - get paper here Hedges, S.B., Marion, A.B., Lipp, K.M., Marin, J. & Vidal, N. 2014. A taxonomic framework for typhlopid snakes from the Caribbean and other regions (Reptilia, Squamata). Caribbean Herpetology 49: 1–61 - get paper here McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp. Pitman,C.R.S. 1974. A guide to the snakes of Uganda. Codicote, Wheldon & Wesley, L., 290 pp. Roux-Estève, R. 1974. Révision systématique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique. Reptilia. Serpentes. Mém. nation. Hist. nat., Paris, (sér.A.) 87: 1-313 Schmidt, K. P. 1923. Contributions to the herpetology of the Belgian Congo based on the collection of the American Museum Congo Expedition, 1909-1915. Part II. Snakes, with field notes by Herbert Lang and James P. Chapin. Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist. 49 (1): 1-146 - get paper here Wallach, V. & Gemel, R. 2018. Typhlops weidholzi n. inedit., a new species of Letheobia from the republic of Cameroon, and a synopsis of the genus (Squamata: Serpentes: Scolecophidia: Typhlopidae). Herpetozoa 31 (1/2): 27 - 46 - get paper here
External links	IUCN Red List http://diglib1.amnh.org/cgi-bin/database/index.cgi?pagemode_scipubsearch=1 https://www.facebook.com/groups/stshc/posts/358968219661116 Google images

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