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Liolaemus multimaculatus (DUMÉRIL & BIBRON, 1837)

IUCN Red List - Liolaemus multimaculatus - Endangered, EN
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Higher TaxaLiolaemidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Many-spotted Tree Iguana 
SynonymProctotretus multimaculatus DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1837: 290
Liolaemus (Liodeira) multimaculatus — FITZINGER 1843
Proctotretus Multimaculatus — DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 269
Ortholaemus beaglii GIRARD 1857 (subst. for P. multimaculatus BELL 1843)
Liolaemus beaglii GIRARD 1858: 199 (subst. for L. multimaculatus BELL 1843)
Liolaemus multimaculatus — BOULENGER 1885: 158
Liolaemus multimaculatus — PETERS et al. 1970: 187
Ctenoblepharis multimaculatus — CEI, LANZA & POGGESI 1975
Liolaemus multimaculatus multimaculatus — CEI 1993
Liolaemus multimaculatus — ETHERIDGE 2000: 299
Liolaemus (Eulaemus) multimaculatus — SCHULTE et al. 2000
Liolaemus multimaculatus — SCROCCHI et al. 2010: 140
Liolaemus multimaculatus — AVILA et al. 2020 
DistributionArgentina (Patagonia, Buenos Aires, Rio Negro)

Type locality: "Chili".  
ReproductionOviparous 
TypesHolotype: MNHN-RA 6867
Lectotype: MNHN 6867 = MHNP (designated by Guibé 1954)
Holotype: ANSP 8323 [beaglii] 
Diagnosis 
CommentGroup: Belongs to the wiegmanni group of Liolaemus; closely related to L. rabinoi, L. riojanus, and L. cuyumhue (see Villamil et al. 2025). 
EtymologyNamed after Latin multimaculatus, with many spots. [“...Le proctotrète a taches nombreuses...”]. (from Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., May 2024) 
References
  • Avila, L.J.; Morando, M.; Perez, D.R. & Sites, J.W. 2009. A new species of Liolaemus from Añelo sand dunes, northern Patagonia, Neuquén, Argentina, and molecular phylogenetic relationships of the Liolaemus wiegmannii species group (Squamata, Iguania, Liolaemini). Zootaxa 2234: 39–55 - get paper here
  • Avila, Luciano J.; Andrea González Marín, Jaime Troncoso-Palacios, Kevin Imanol Sánchez, Cristian Hernán Fulvio Pérez, and Mariana Morando 2020. Naming the Diversity: Taxonomy of Current Species of Patagonian Lizards. In: Morando & Avila (eds.), Lizards of Patagonia. Springer Nature, pp. 123-188 - get paper here
  • AVILA, LUCIANO JAVIER; LORENA ELIZABETH MARTINEZ & MARIANA MORANDO 2013. Checklist of lizards and amphisbaenians of Argentina: an update. Zootaxa 3616 (3): 201–238 - get paper here
  • Block, Carolina; Julieta Pedrana, Oscar A. Stellatelli, Laura E. Vega & Juan P. Isacch 2024. Identifying Priority Areas for Conservation of An Endangered Sand Lizard Using Landscape-Based Habitat Suitability Models Herpetologica Dec 2023 Vol. 79, No. 4: 186-195 - get paper here
  • Block, Carolina; Laura E. Vega, and Oscar A. Stellatelli 2012. Vegetation Refuges of a Sand Lizard Assemblage in Temperate Coastal Sand Dunes. Journal of Herpetology 46 (4): 608-613. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here
  • Cei ,J.M. 1979. A reassessment of the genus Ctenoblepharis (Reptilia, Sauria, Iguanidae) with description of a new subspecies of Liolaemus multimaculatus from western Argentina. Journal of Herpetology 13 (3): 297-302 - get paper here
  • Cei, J. M. 1993. Reptiles del noroeste, nordeste y este de la Argentina. Museo Regionale Sci. Naturale Torino, Monografie 14: 1-949
  • Cei,J.M.; Lanza,B. & Poggesi,M. 1975. On the morphology and taxonomy of Ctenoblepharis rabinoi and Liolaemus multimaculatus (DUMÉRIL & BIBRON) from central and eastern Argentina. Natura, Milano 66 (3-4): 101-113
  • Duméril, A. M. C. and G. Bibron. 1837. Erpétologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complete des Reptiles. Vol. 4. Libr. Encyclopédique Roret, Paris, 570 pp. - get paper here
  • Duméril, A. M.C., G. BIBRON & A. DUMÉRIL 1854. Erpétologie générale ou Histoire Naturelle complète des Reptiles. Vol. 9. Paris, XX + 440 S. - get paper here
  • Etheridge, R. 2000. A review of lizards of the Liolaemus wiegmannii group (Squamata, Iguania, Tropiduridae), and a history of morphological change in the sand-dwelling species. Herpetological Monographs 14: 293-352 - get paper here
  • Fitzinger, L. 1843. Systema Reptilium, fasciculus primus, Amblyglossae. Braumüller et Seidel, Wien: 106 pp. - get paper here
  • Gallardo, Jose M. 1966. Liolaemus lentus nov. Sp. (Iguanidae) de la Pampa y Algunas observaciones sobre los saurios de picha provincia Argentina y del oeste de Buenos Aires. Neotropica 12 (37): 15-29
  • Girard, C. 1858. Descriptions of some new Reptiles, collected by the US. Exploring Expedition under the command of Capt. Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. Fourth Part. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci Philadelphia 1857: 195-199 - get paper here
  • Guibé, J. 1954. Catalogue des Types de Lézards du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Naturelle. Paris, Imprimerie Nationale, 119 pp.
  • Kacoliris F.P.; Horlent, N. & Williams J. 2006. Herpetofauna, Coastal Dunes, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Check List 2 (3): 1-7 - get paper here
  • Kacoliris, Federico P.; Guerrero, E.; Molinari, A.; Moyano, B.; Rafael, A. 2009. Run to shelter or bury into the sand? Factors affecting escape behaviour decisions in Argentinian sand dune lizards (Liolaemus multimaculatus). The Herpetological Journal 19: 213-216 - get paper here
  • Kacoliris, Federico P.; Igor Berkunsky, and Jorge D. Williams 2009. Methods for assessing population size in sand dune lizards (Liolaemus multimaculatus). Herpetologica 65 (2): 219-226 - get paper here
  • Kacoliris, Federico P.; Williams, Jorge D.; Quiroga, Sofía; Molinari, Alejandro; Vicente, Natalin 2011. Ampliación del conocimiento sobre uso de hábitat en Liolaemus multimaculatus, sitios de fuga. Cuadernos de Herpetología 25 (1): - get paper here
  • Kacoliris, Federico Pablo; Berkunsky, Igor; Velasco, Melina Alicia 2013. Sex and size affect annual survival in a threatened sand lizard. The Herpetological Journal 23 (1): 59-62 - get paper here
  • Kacoliris, Federico Pablo; Eleonora Celsi, Cintia; Laura Monserrat, Ana 2009. Microhabitat use by the sand dune lizard Liolaemus multimaculatus in a pampean coastal area in Argentina. The Herpetological Journal 19: 61-67 - get paper here
  • Kubisch, E., Boretto, J., Kacoliris, F., & Ibargüengoytía, N. R. 2025. Growth and Reproductive Output in Two Temporal Scale Populations of the Endangered Dand-Dune Lizard Liolaemus multimaculatus from Argentina. South American Journal of Herpetology, 35(1), 12-22 - get paper here
  • Kubisch, Erika; Jorgelina Boretto, Federico Kacoliris & Nora R. Ibargüengoytía 2025. Growth and Reproductive Output in Two Temporal Scale Populations of the Endangered Dand-Dune Lizard Liolaemus multimaculatus from Argentina South American Journal of Herpetology Aug 2025 Vol. 35, No. 1: 12-22 - get paper here
  • Perez, C.H.F.; N. Frutos; M. Kozykariski; M. Morando; D.R. Perez; L.J. Avila. 2011. Lizards of Rio Negro Province, northern Patagonia, Argentina. Check List 7 (3): 202-219 - get paper here
  • SCHULTE II, JAMES A.; J. ROBERT MACEY, ROBERT E. ESPINOZA AND ALLAN LARSON 2000. Phylogenetic relationships in the iguanid lizard genus Liolaemus: multiple origins of viviparous reproduction and evidence for recurring Andean vicariance and dispersal. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69: 75–102 - get paper here
  • Scrocchi, Gustavo J.; Cristian S. Abdala,Javier Nori, Hussam Zaher 2010. Reptiles de la provincia de Río Negro, Argentina. Fondo Ed. Rionegrino, 249 pp.
  • Stellatelli, O. A., Vega, L. E., Block, C., Rocca, C., Bellagamba, P. J. and Cruz, F. B. 2020. Latitudinal comparison of the thermal biology in the endemic lizard Liolaemus multimaculatus. Journal of Thermal Biology 88: 102485 - get paper here
  • Stellatelli, Oscar Aníbal; Carolina Block, Laura Estela Vega, and Félix Benjamín Cruz 2015. Nonnative Vegetation Induces Changes in Predation Pressure and Escape Behavior of Two Sand Lizards (Liolaemidae: Liolaemus). Herpetologica Jun 2015, Vol. 71, No. 2: 136-142. - get paper here
  • Tettamanti, G.; Kacoliris, F.; Leiss, A.; Domínguez, A.M. 2024. Natural history notes: Liolaemus multimaculatus (Sand-dune Lizard). Cannibalism. Herpetological Review 55 (1): 100.
  • Tulli, M.J.; F.B. Cruz, A. Herrel, B. Vanhooydonck, V. Abdala 2009. The interplay between claw morphology and microhabitat use in neotropical iguanian lizards. Zoology 112 (5): 379-392 - get paper here
  • Vega, L. E.;Bellagamba, P. 1992. Nuevas localidades para Liolaemus multimaculatus (Duméril y Bibron, 1837), Liolaemus gracilis (Bell, 1843) y Liolaemus wiegmanni (Duméril y Bibron, 1837) (Sauria: Tropiduridae) en la provincia de Buenos Aires. Bol. Asoc. Herp. Argentina 8 (1): 4
  • Verrastro, L.; Veronese, L.; Bujes, C. Martins Fias Filho, M. 2003. New species of Liolaemus from Southern Brazil (Iguania: Tropiduridae). Herpetologica 59 (1): 105-118 - get paper here
  • VERRASTRO, LAURA; RAÚL MANEYRO, CAROLINE M. DA SILVA, IRAIA FARIAS 2017. A new species of lizard of the L. wiegmannii group (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from the Uruguayan Savanna. Zootaxa 4294 (4): 443–461 - get paper here
  • Villamil, J., Avila, L.J., Morando, M., Sites, J.W. Jr., Leaché, A.D., Maneyro, R., Camargo, A. 2019. Coalescent-based species delimitation in the sand lizards of the Liolaemus wiegmannii complex (Squamata: Liolaemidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (2019), doi: - get paper here
  • Villamil, J., Morando, M., Avila, L. J., Lanna, F. M., Fonseca, E. M., Sites Jr, J. W., & Camargo, A. 2025. Revisiting the Multispecies Coalescent Model fit with an example from a complete molecular phylogeny of the Liolaemus wiegmannii species group (Squamata: Liolaemidae). Systematic Biology, syaf048 - get paper here
  • Werning, H. 2009. Auf den Spuren von Darwin durch Südamerika. Teil 1: Von England nach Patagonien. Reptilia (Münster) 14 (78): 34-46 - get paper here
  • Winchell, S. 2010. Die Reptilien Argentiniens. Reptilia (Münster) 15 (83): 20-27 - get paper here
 
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