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Lophosaurus dilophus (DUMÉRIL & BIBRON, 1837)

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Higher TaxaAgamidae (Amphibolurinae), Sauria, Iguania, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Indonesian Forest Dragon 
SynonymLophyrus dilophus DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1837: 419
Tiaris dilophus — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1837: 419 (by implication)
Calotes megapogon SCHLEGEL in DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1837: 419 (nom. nud.)
Tiaris megapogon GRAY 1845: 239 (fide BOULENGER 1885)
Tiaris dilophus — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1854: plate 46
Gonocephalus dilophus — MEYER 1874
Gonyocephalus dilophus — BOULENGER 1885: 290
Gonyocephalus dilophus — DE ROOIJ 1915: 108
Goniocephalus dilophus — LOVERIDGE 1948: 336
Gonocephalus dilophus — WERMUTH 1967: 58
Hypsilurus dilophus — MANTHEY & SCHUSTER 1999: 73
Hypsilurus dilophus — MANTHEY & DENZER 2006: 25
Hypsilurus dilophus — KRAUS & MYERS 2012
Lophosaurus dilophus — DENZER & MANTHEY 2016
Hypsilurus dilophus — RICHARDS et al. 2018 
DistributionIndonesia (Aru I, Kei I, Batanta = Batana, Salawat), New Guinea, Ferguson Island, d'Entrecasteaux Archipelago, Milne Bay Prov.: Normanby Island.

Type locality: Nouvelle Guinée.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: MNHN-RA 2561 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus). Medium to large sized, arboreal amphibolu- rine lizard without femoral or precloacal pores (present in all Australian agamid lizards apart from Chelosania and Moloch); no spines on the body (present in Moloch), no frill around the neck (present in Chlamydosaurus); a transverse gular fold (absent in Chelosania), dorsal scales heterogeneous in size (homogeneous in all Hypsilurus s. l.); TL/HBL < 2.3, typically < 2; lacrimal bone present (absent in all Australian Amphibolurinae apart from Intellagama and Chelosania) (DENZER & MANTHEY 2016: 108).


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CommentSimilar species: H. magnus.

Synonymy mostly after WERMUTH 1967. Illustration in BARTS & WILMS 2003. DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1837: 419 “introduce the new species Lophyrus dilophus. A line further down they refer to a drawing of this species on plate 46 under the genus name of Tiaris. This discrepancy is explained on p. 421 where the authors state that it was originally intended to erect a new genus Tiaris for this species and that they decided against it at a later stage. We assume that the plates containing the name Tiaris had already been printed and subsequent changes would have been difficult to realize” (Manthey & Denzer 2016).

Lifestyle: semi-arboreal.

Type species: Lophyrus dilophus DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1837: 419 is the type species of the genus Lophosaurus FITZINGER 1843. Lophyrus dilophus is also the type species of the genus Tiaris DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1837 (which is pre-occupied by Tiaris Swainson 1827, Aves. Tiaris Quenstedt 1872 is a fossil genus of Echinodermata).

Reference images: see Uetz et al. 2024 for high-resolution reference images for this species. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin di = two, and Greek lophos (λόφος), neck, crest of hill, ridge, crest of a helmet, presumably after the two sections of dorsal crest. 
References
  • Barts, M. & Wilms, T. 2003. Die Agamen der Welt. Draco 4 (14): 4-23 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. Geckonidae, Eublepharidae, Uroplatidae, Pygopodidae, Agamidae. London: 450 pp. - get paper here
  • de Rooij, N. de 1915. The Reptiles of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. I. Lacertilia, Chelonia, Emydosauria. Leiden (E. J. Brill), xiv + 384 pp. - get paper here
  • Denzer, Wolfgang; Ulrich Manthey 2016. Remarks on the taxonomy and nomenclature of the genus Hypsilurus Peters, 1867 (Reptilia, Agamidae, Amphibolurinae). Zoosyst. Evol. 92 (1): 103–110; DOI: 10.3897/zse.92.7469 - get paper here
  • Duméril, A. M. C. and G. Bibron. 1837. Erpétologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complete des Reptiles. Vol. 4. Libr. Encyclopédique Roret, Paris, 570 pp. - get paper here
  • Gray, J. E. 1845. Catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the British Museum. Trustees of die British Museum/Edward Newman, London: xxvii + 289 pp. - get paper here
  • Kraus, Fred. 2013. Further range extensions for reptiles and amphibians from Papua New Guinea. Herpetological Review 44 (2): 277-280 - get paper here
  • Loveridge, A. 1948. New Guinean reptiles and amphibians in the Museum of Comparative Zoology and United States National Museum. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 101 (2): 305-430. - get paper here
  • Macey, J. R., J. A. Schulte II, A. Larson, N. B. Ananjeva, Y. Wang, R. Pethiyagoda, N. Rastegar-Pouyani, T. J. Papenfuss 2000. Evaluating trans-Tethys migration: an example using acrodont lizard phylogenetics. Systematic Biology 49 (2): 233-256 - get paper here
  • Manthey, U. & Denzer, W. 2006. A revision of the Melanesian-Australian angle head lizards of the genus Hypsilurus (Sauria: Agamidae: Amphibolurinae), with description of four new species and one new subspecies. Hamadryad 30 (1-2): 1 – 40 - get paper here
  • ORD, T. J.; D. A. KLOMP, J. GARCIA-PORTA & M. HAGMAN 2015. Repeated evolution of exaggerated dewlaps and other throat morphology in lizards. J. evol. Biol., doi: 10.1111/jeb.12709 - get paper here
  • Pieh, A. & Kirschner, A. 2004. Schädigung einer Winkelkopfagame durch Schuppenameisen. Elaphe 12 (3): 52-53
  • Richards, Stephen; Simon Clulow, Deborah Bower and Arthur Georges 2018. Chapter 1.4. Herpetofauna of the Wau Creek proposed Wildlife Management Area, Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea. In: Richards (ed.) Rapid biological assessments of Wau Creek ... ExxonMobil PNG Limited. Port Moresby, p. 83-96 - get paper here
  • Roux,J. 1910. Reptilien und Amphibien der Aru- und Kei-Inseln. Abh. senckenb. naturf. Ges. (Frankfurt) 33: 211-247 - get paper here
  • Steiof, C. & W. Grossmann 1992. Das Portrait: Hypsilurus dilophus (Duméril & Bibron). Sauria 14 (4): 1-2 - get paper here
  • Tallowin, Oliver J S; Shai Meiri, Stephen C Donnellan, Stephen J Richards, Christopher C Austin, Paul M Oliver 2019. The other side of the Sahulian coin: biogeography and evolution of Melanesian forest dragons (Agamidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 129: 99-113. - get paper here
  • Uetz, P.H.; Patel, M.; Gbadamosi, Z.; Nguyen, A.; Shoope, S. 2024. A Reference Database of Reptile Images. Taxonomy 4: 723–732 - get paper here
 
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