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Lygodactylus pakenhami LOVERIDGE, 1941

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Higher TaxaGekkonidae, Gekkota, Sauria, Squamata (lizards: geckos)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Grote’s dwarf gecko 
SynonymLygodactylus grotei pakenhami LOVERIDGE 1941: 176
Lygodactylus capensis pakenhami — BROADLEY & HOWELL 1991: 9
Lygodactylus (Lygodactylus) capensis pakenhami — RÖSLER 2000: 92
Lygodactylus capensis pakenhami — HAWLITSCHEK et al. 2012
Lygodactylus capensis pakenhami — DE LISLE et al. 2013: 153
Lygodactylus pakenhami — RÖLL 2018
Lygodactylus grotei pakenhami — REBELO et al. 2019
Lygodactylus pakenhami — RÖLL et al. 2023 
DistributionTanzania (Pemba Island)

Type locality: Wete, Pemba Island, Tanzania  
Reproductionoviparous (not imputed, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: MCZ R-46082 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Agrees with grotei Sternfeld in scale counts, but differs in color pattern and habitus, which is smaller and less robust than in grotei. The light vertebral and lateral lines of typical grotei (of which I recently collected seventeen topotypes) are absent or only faintly indicated. A dark streak from nostril through eye to neck is present, but is both narrower and less well defined than in the typical mainland form. The insular form is characterized by conspicuous black flecking on head, back, and limbs. (Loveridge 1941: 176)


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CommentSimilar species: Lygodactylus pakenhami from Pemba and L. grotei from mainland Africa cannot be distinguished by their scalation, but their reciprocal monophyly suggested by mitochondrial DNA, conspicuously different coloration (both in adults and hatchlings) and their high genetic distances (16.3% in ND2) support the hypothesis that these taxa represent two distinct species (Röll et al. 2023). 
References
  • Broadley, D. G. & HOWELL, K. M. 1991. A check list of the reptiles of Tanzania, with synoptic keys. Syntarsus 1: 1—70
  • Farooq, Harith; Cristóvão Nanvonamuquitxo, Bibiana Nassongole, Werner Conradie, Roger Bills, Amadeu Soares, and Alexandre Antonelli 2022. Shedding Light on a Biodiversity Dark Spot: Survey Of Amphibians and Reptiles of Pemba Region in Northern Mozambique. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 17 (2): - get paper here
  • Hawlitschek, O.; F. Glaw & D. Rödder 2012. Pemba – Herpetologische Fundgrube im Indischen Ozean. Reptilia (Münster) 17 (97): 97-109 - get paper here
  • Loveridge, A. 1941. New Geckos (Phelsuma and Lygodactylus), Snake (Lepotyphlops) and Frog (Phrynobarachits) from Pemba Island, East Africa. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 54 (8): 175-178 - get paper here
  • Loveridge, A. 1947. Revision of the African lizards of the family Gekkondiae. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 98: 1-469 - get paper here
  • Rebelo, Alexander Douglas; Michael Francis Bates, Marius Burger, William Roy Branch, Werner Conradie 2019. Range expansion of the Common Dwarf Gecko, Lygodactylus capensis: South Africa’s most successful reptile invader. Herpetology Notes 12: 643-650 - get paper here
  • Röll, B. 2018. Tagaktive, kleine Geckos – die Gattung Lygodactylus. Reptilia 23 (132): 16-23
  • RÖLL, B., SANCHEZ, M., GIPPNER, S., BAUER, A. M., TRAVERS, S. L., GLAW, F., ... & VENCES, M. 2023. Phylogeny of dwarf geckos of the genus Lygodactylus (Gekkonidae) in the Western Indian Ocean. Zootaxa 5311 (2): 232-250 - get paper here
  • Rösler, H. 2000. Kommentierte Liste der rezent, subrezent und fossil bekannten Geckotaxa (Reptilia: Gekkonomorpha). Gekkota 2: 28-153
  • Spawls, Steve; Kim Howell, Harald Hinkel, Michele Menegon 2018. Field Guide to East African Reptiles. Bloomsbury, 624 pp. - get paper here
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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