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Lygodactylus viscatus VAILLANT, 1873

IUCN Red List - Lygodactylus viscatus - Near Threatened, NT
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Higher TaxaGekkonidae, Gekkota, Sauria, Squamata (lizards: geckos)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Howell’s dwarf gecko, Copal dwarf gecko 
SynonymLygodactylus howelli PASTEUR & BROADLEY 1988
Lygodactylus somalicus howelli — KLUGE 1993: 21
Lygodactylus (somalicus) howelli — BROADLEY & HOWELL 1991: 9
Lygodactylus viscatus — SPAWLS et al. 2002: 111
Lygodactylus viscatus — RÖLL et al. 2010
Lygodactylus howelli — DE LISLE et al. 2016: 155
Lygodactylus howelli — SPAWLS et al. 2018: 107 
DistributionTanzania (Zanzibar Island)

Type locality: Jozani Forest, Zanzibar Island, Tanzania  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: NMZB 8241 (Natural History Museum of Zimbabwe), male 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: a Lygodactylus of the somalicus species group with a strong dark frontal crossbar between eyes, seven preanal pores, and dorsal granules fine enough to number approximately 250-260 in a rachidian series between rostral and first caudal whorl. Further diagnostic traits in table 1. Geckos of the L. somalicus group can be distinguished from other Lygodactylus with paired subcaudals by an air de famille resulting from the combination of several hard-to-define usual traits (Pasteur, 1964: chapter 5), among them a short nostril and a relatively symmetrical arrangement of parallel scale files in the mental area. L. (somalicus) howelli is like L. (somalicus) somalicus in lacking any gular pattern, and this distinguishes the super species from its sister taxon L. grandisonae (Pasteur & Broadley 1988). 
CommentStatus unclear.

Synonymy: Lygodactylus kimhowelli appears to be a replacement name for L. howelli. However, Pasteur did not say that explicitly in his (French) paper, and there appear to be 2 different type specimens for the two species, so this situation needs further clarification. Apparently not listed by RÖSLER 2000. PASTEUR (1995) synonymized Lygodactylus (somalicus) howelli with L. viscatus (VAILLANT 1873) which was described as fossil species from a Kopal inclusion. 
References
  • Broadley, D. G. & HOWELL, K. M. 1991. A check list of the reptiles of Tanzania, with synoptic keys. Syntarsus 1: 1—70
  • Brygoo, E. R. 1990. Les types de Gekkonidés (Reptiles, Sauriens) du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle Catalogue critique. Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. 12 (ser. 4) A (3-4), suppl.: 19-141
  • Lisle, H.F. de; Nazarov, R.A.; Raw, L.R.G. & Grathwohl, J. 2013. Gekkota: a catalogue of recent species. [type catalogue] Privately published, 387 pp.
  • Pasteur G 1995. Biodiversite et reptiles: diagnoses de sept nouvelles especes fossiles et actuelles du genre de lezards Lygodactylus (Sauria, Gekkonidae). [includes L. succinarius, an extinct species]. Dumerilia 2: 1-21
  • Pasteur G; Broadley D G 1988. A remote, insular species of the Lygodactylus somalicus superspecies (Sauria: Gekkonidae). Amphibia-Reptilia 9 (3): 237-243 - get paper here
  • Röll, Beate; Heike Pröhl, Klaus-Peter Hoffmann 2010. Multigene phylogenetic analysis of Lygodactylus dwarf geckos (Squamata: Gekkonidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56 (1): 327-335 - get paper here
  • Rösler, H. 2000. Kommentierte Liste der rezent, subrezent und fossil bekannten Geckotaxa (Reptilia: Gekkonomorpha). Gekkota 2: 28-153
  • Spawls, S.; Howell, K.; Drewes, R.C. & Ashe, J. 2002. A field guide to the reptiles of East Africa. Academic Press, 543 pp. [reviews in HR 34: 396 and Afr. J. Herp. 51; 147] - get paper here
  • Spawls, Steve; Kim Howell, Harald Hinkel, Michele Menegon 2018. Field Guide to East African Reptiles. Bloomsbury, 624 pp. - get paper here
  • Vaillant, L. 1873. Sur un geckotien de l’ambre jaune, 2e note. Bull. Soc. Philomat.Paris 10: 97–98
  • Vaillant, L. 1873. Sur un geckotien de l’ambre jaune. Bull. Soc. Philomat. Paris 10: 65–67
  • Vaillant, L. 1874. Note rectificative sur l’Hemidactylus viscatus. Bull. Soc. Philomat. Paris 11: 8–9
 
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