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Lytorhynchus gaddi NIKOLSKY, 1907

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymLytorhynchus gaddi NIKOLSKY 1907: 294
Lytorhynchus diadema mesopotamicus HAAS 1952 (fide LEVITON 1070)
Lytorhynchus diadema arabicus HAAS 1952 (fide LEVITON 1070)
Lytorhynchus gaddi — LEVITON & ANDERSON 1967: 181
Lytorhynchus gaddi — LEVITON 1977
Lytorhynchus diadema — ALSHAMMARI et al. 2017
Lytorhynchus diadema gaddi — ANANJEVA et al. 2020
Lytorhynchus diadema — ALSHAMMARI et al. 2020
Lytorhynchus gaddi — ALSHAMMARI et al. 2021
Lytorhynchus gaddi — MORADI et al. 2023 
DistributionSaudi Arabia, Oman, Yemen, Iraq, SW Iran

Type locality: Dizful [= Dezful], Iran.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: CAS 84478; Syntypes: ZISP 10288.1
Holotype: HU 3551 [mesopotamicus]
Holotype: CAS 84487 [arabicus] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: “Rostral shield broadly truncate, as broad at its base as its width
at its anteriormost projection; pattern of brown to black ovoid blotches or cross-
bars usually distinct but never intense black, each scale in dark bars usually
with lighter centers; ventrals 173-195 (184.7 +/- 1.22 SE [N = 26]); (ventrals: males [11] 173-192 (180.8 +/- 1.83 SE); females [15] 180-195 (187.6 +/- 1.16 SE). subcaudals 33-47 (42.12 + 0.72 SE [N = 14]); ventral plus subcaudals 212-240
(226.8 +/- 1.36 SE [N = 26]); body blotches 33-55 (40.7 +/- 1.30 SE [N =
21]). Standard length of largest male and female, in mm.): male 428, female 436;
tail length (in mm.): male 78, female 71.” (Leviton 1970: 262, footnotes on page 263 not included)


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CommentSynonymy: SCHÄTTI & GASPERETTI (1994) did not accept the placement of L. gaddi as a subspecies of L. diadema.

The divergence between L. gaddi and species of genus Lytorhynchus ranged from 4–5%, 2–4%, 5–6% for the two concatenated genes, 16S and 12S, respectively (Alshammari et al. 2021.

Distribution: For a map see Leviton 1977. 
References
  • Alshammari A, Badry A, Basuis S, A. Ibrahim A, El-Abd E 2021. Molecular phylogeny of Lytorhynchus diadema (Reptilia, Colubridae) populations in Saudi Arabia. Herpetozoa 34: 271-276 - get paper here
  • Alshammari, A. M. and Busais, S. M. 2020. Distribution of snakes in Ha’il Province, Saudi Arabia, with an identification key to the species. Russian Journal of Herpetology 27 (1): 5-10. - get paper here
  • Alshammari, Ahmed Mohajja; Salem M. Busais, Abdel A. Ibrahim 2017. Snakes in the Province of Ha’il, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, including two new records. Herpetozoa 30 (1/2): 59 - 63 - get paper here
  • ANANJEVA, NATALIA B.; KONSTANTIN D. MILTO, ANDREI V. BARABANOV, EVGENY A. GOLYNSKY 2020. An annotated type catalogue of amphibians and reptiles collected by Nikolay A. Zarudny in Iran and Middle Asia. Zootaxa 4722 (2): 101–128 - get paper here
  • Corkill, N. L. and Cochrane, J. A. 1966. The snakes of the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra. J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 62 (3): 475-506 (1965) - get paper here
  • Egan, D. 2007. Snakes of Arabia. Motivate Publishing, Dubai, 208 pp.
  • Haas, G. 1952. Two collections of reptiles from Iraq, with descriptions of two new forms. Copeia 1952 (1):20—22 - get paper here
  • Leviton A E 1977. A new lytorhynchid snake. JOURNAL OF THE SAUDI ARABIAN NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY (No. 19): 16-25
  • Leviton, A. E. and Anderson, S. C. 1970. Review of the snakes of the genus Lytorhynchus. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (ser. 4) 37: 249-279. - get paper here
  • Leviton,A.E.; Anderson,S.C.; Adler, K.; Minton,S.A. 1992. Handbook to Middle East Amphibians and Reptiles. SSAR, Oxford, Ohio (Contr. to Herpetol. No. 8), 1-252
  • Moradi, N., Shafiei Bafti, S., Sehhatisabet, M. E., Zadhoush, B. and Rastegar-Pouyani, E. 2023. Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Lytorhynchus Peters, 1863 (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae) with special reference to the Iranian taxa. Journal of Animal Diversity, 5 (4): 15–31 - get paper here
  • Rajabizadeh, M. 2018. Snakes of Iran. [in Farsi] Tehran: Iranshenasi, 496 pp. [2017 ?] - get paper here
  • RASTEGAR-POUYANI, NASRULLAH; HAJI GHOLI KAMI, MEHDI RAJABZADEH, SOHEILA SHAFIEI AND STEVEN CLEMENT ANDERSON 2008. Annotated Checklist of Amphibians and Reptiles of Iran. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 4 (1): 7-30
  • Schätti, B. & Gasperetti, J. 1994. A contribution to the herpetofauna of Southwest Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 14: 348-423
  • Torki, Farhang 2017. Description of a new species of Lytorhynchus (Squamata: Colubridae) from Iran. Zoology in the Middle East 63 (2): 109, DOI: 10.1080/09397140.2017.1299319 - get paper here
 
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