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Macrochelys temminckii TROOST, 1835

IUCN Red List - Macrochelys temminckii - Vulnerable, VU
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Higher TaxaChelydridae, Testudines (turtles)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Alligator Snapping Turtle, including the Apalachicola Alligator Snapping Turtle 
SynonymTestudo planitia GMELIN 1789 (nomen oblitum)
Chelonura temminckii TROOST in HARLAN 1835: 158
Macroclemys temminckii — GRAY 1856: 266
Macroclemmys temminckii — BOULENGER 1889
Macrochelys temminckii — ERNST & BARBOUR 1989: 132
Macrochelys temminckii — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 42
Macroclemys temminckii — LOVICH 1993
Macroclemys temminckii — ROMAN et a.l 1999
Macrochelys temminckii — CROTHER 2000
Macrochelys temminckii — JENSEN et al. 2008: 459
Macrochelys temminckii — TTWG 2014
Macrochelys apalachicolae THOMAS, GRANATOSKY, BOURQUE, KRYSKO, MOLER, GAMBLE, SUAREZ, LEONE & ROMAN 2014
Macrochelys apalachicolae — MAYS & PIERSON-HILL 2015
Macrochelys apalachicolae — CROTHER et al. 2017
Macrochelys temminckii — TTWG 2017
Macrochelys teminickii — NORRID et al. 2021 (in error)
Macrochelys temminckii — TTWG 2021
Macrochelys apalachicolae — THREADGILL & ENGE 2022 
DistributionUSA (Indiana, Mississippi valley, Kansas, Illinois, W Tennessee, W Kentucky, Missouri, Oklahoma, E Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama)

Type locality: "a tributary stream of the Mississippi, which enters that river above Memphis, in West Tennessee," U.S.A.; restricted to the Wolf River, Shelby County, Tennessee, USA., by Bour 1987.

apalachicolae: USA (Florida, Georgia: Choctawhatchee and Ochlockonee rivers); Type locality: Apalachicola River, Gadsden County, Florida  
ReproductionOviparous. Exhibits temperature‐dependent sex determination (TSD) fide Cornejo-Páramo et al. 2020 (and references therein). 
TypesHolotype: MNHN-RA (actually MNHN-AC A.4540 (= Comparative Anatomy, fide BOUR 1987); erroneously given as RMNH 6166 (fide HOOGMOED, quoted in BURKE & KING 1989). See also Bour, R. (1987).
Holotype: UF 3998, partial skeleton from the Apalachicola River, Gadsden County, Florida, on 4 April 1953 by the Florida Museum of Natural History (see Figures 13, 14). (Central lineage; Figure 9); Paratypes. UF 52676, partial skeleton from Waddells Mill Creek, Jackson County, Florida, on 10 April 1978 by L. Richard Franz et al.; UF 152479 skull from Econfina Creek, Bay County, Florida (30.15274oN, 85.55748oW, elev. 2 m, 13.1 m depth), on 21 August 1982 by Joseph P. Ward and Joseph J. Ward [apalachicolae] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Carapacial caudal notch narrow and triangular or U-shaped, contained wholly on the pygal and not extending onto peripheral set 11, and pygal with two serrations and without medial suture; Peripheral 11 with 1 serration; pleural scute set 1 does not overlap onto the nuchal; distal rib end of costal 1 enters middle of peripheral 3; posterior projection of the squamosal globular and obtusely angled in lateral aspect, usually upwardly inflected; dermal scale on the frontals reduced in size; processus trochlearis oticum relatively straight with a single distal protuberance; posterior margin of squamosal-opisthotic contact relatively straight in dorsal aspect; mandible relatively narrow with slender triturating surfaces. Although generally the caudal notch is small and triangular, observable variation occurs within the species [THOMAS et al. 2014].


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CommentTaxonomy: Echelle et al. (2010) suggested that the Suwannee River population might eventually be recognized as a distinct taxonomic unit, based on DNA evidence. Thomas et al. 2014 split up Macrochelys temminckii into 3 different species, Macrochelys suwanniensis, M. apalachicolae, and M. temminckii, also primarily based on mtDNA data. However, Folt & Guyer 2015 synonymized Macrochelys apalachicolae with M. temminckii again, due to the lack of consistent diagnostic characters. We follow TTWG 2017 in that apalachicolae is a synonym of temminckii.

Distribution: not confirmed for Iowa, but known from the Mississippi River on the IL side adjacent to IA (Terry VanDeWalle, pers. comm., 6 May 2023).

Type species: Chelonura temminckii TROOST 1835 is the type species of the genus Macrochelys GRAY 1856: 200.

Habitat: freshwater (lakes, quiet rivers) 
EtymologyNamed after Coenraad Jacob Temminck (March 31, 1778-January 30, 1858), Dutch aristocrat and zoologist.

The genus was named after Greek makros = long, large andkhelus (Greek) = tortoise

Macrochelys apalachicolae was named after the new Latin apalachicol– (referring to the Apalachicola River) and the Latin –ae (treating the name of the river as a Latin cognate in the First Declension, genitive case), combined to form the composite noun apalachicolae. 
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