Masticophis fuliginosus (COPE, 1895)

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Higher Taxa	Colubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Baja California Coachwhip G: Baja-Kutscherpeitschen-Natter S: Chirrionera de Baja California
Synonym	Zamenis lateralis fuliginosus COPE 1895: 679 Zamenis lateralis fuliginosus — COPE 1900: 809 Bascanion flagellum frenatum — VAN DENBURGH 1905: 26 Masticophis flagellum fuliginosus — WILSON 1970: 63 Masticophis flagellum fuliginosus — WILSON 1973 Masticophis flagellum fulginosus [sic] — STEBBINS 1985: 182 Masticophis flagellum fuliginosus — CROTHER 2000: 65 Masticophis flagellum fuliginosus — ERNST & ERNST 2003: 199 Masticophis fuliginosus — COLLINS & TAGGART 2009 Coluber fuliginosus — CROTHER et al. 2012 Masticophis fuliginosus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 418 Masticophis fuliginosus — O’CONNELL et al. 2017 Masticophis fuliginosus — O’CONNELL et al. 2018 Masticophis fuliginosus — HANSEN & SHEDD 2025
Distribution	Mexico (Baja California), USA (S California) Type locality: Santa Margarita Island, Baja California del Sur, Mexico.
Reproduction	oviparous.
Types	Syntypes: USNM 15135, USNM 15136, adult male and female, respectively, collected by the crew of the U. S. Fish Commission vessel Albatross, 2 May 1888
Diagnosis	Additional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (2337 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details.
Comment	Synonymy: Masticophis f. fuliginosus has been elevated to full species according to GRISMER (1994). Previously it had been synonymized with M. f. piceus. Distribution: For map of California see Thomson et al. 2016: 276.
Etymology	Named after the Latin adjective “fuliginosus” meaning brown or dark brown colouration.
References	ALVAREZ, JEFF A.; CARLOS ALVARADO-LAGUNA, JORGE H. VALDEZ-VILLAVICENCIO, ELIZABETH K. LOPEZ & RAFAEL A. LARA-RESENDIZ. 2022. Prolapsed hemipenis in an adult Baja California Coachwhip (Masticophis fuliginosus) in the Sierra San Pedro Mártir, Baja California, México. Sonoran Herpetologist 35(3): 94–95. - get paper here Collins, J.T. and T. W. Taggart 2009. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Sixth Edition. Center for North American Herpetology, 48 pp. Cope, E.D. 1895. On some North American Snakes. American Naturalist 29: 676-680 - get paper here Cope, E.D. 1900. The crocodilians, lizards and snakes of North America. Ann. Rep. U.S. Natl. Mus. 1898: 153-1270 - get paper here Crother, B. I. (chair) 2008. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 6th edition. Herpetological Circular 37: 92 pp. Crother, B. I. (ed.) 2012. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Seventh Edition. Herpetological Circular 39: 1-92 Hansen, Robert and Jackson D. Shedd 2025. California Amphibians and Reptiles. Princeton University Press, 528 pp. - get paper here Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp Hollingsworth, Bradford D., Jorge H. Valdez-Villavicencio, Patricia Galina-Tessaro, Clark R. Mahrdt and Melissa A. Stepek. 2016. Masticophis fuliginosus (Cope, 1895). Diet. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3 (3): 746–748 - get paper here Moreno-Higareda, Hiram Rafael; Fernanda Jaqueline Manrriquez-Gomez, Jorge Heriberto Valdez-Villavicencio, Gorgonio Ruiz-Campos 2020. INCIDENTAL AFFECTATION BY FISHING NET ON Masticophis fuliginosus IN A SALT MARSH OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. Rev. Latinoamer. Herp. 3 (1): 108-110 - get paper here O'Connell, K. A., Streicher, J. W., Smith, E. N. and Fujita, M. K. 2017. Geographical features are the predominant driver of molecular diversification in widely distributed North American Whipsnakes. Mol Ecol. 26: 5729–5751 - get paper here O’Connell, K. A., & Smith, E. N. 2018. The effect of missing data on coalescent species delimitation and a taxonomic revision of whipsnakes (Colubridae: Masticophis). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution - get paper here Peralta-García A, Valdez-Villavicencio JH, Fucsko LA, Hollingsworth BD, Johnson JD, Mata-Silva V, Rocha A, DeSantis DL, Porras LW, and Wilson LD. 2023. The herpetofauna of the Baja California Peninsula and its adjacent islands, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 17(1&2): 57–142 Pilliod, D., Jeffries, M., Arkle, R. and Olson, D. 2024. Climate Futures for Lizards and Snakes in Western North America May Result in New Species Management Issues. Ecol Evol, 14: e70379 - get paper here Stebbins,R.C. 1985. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, 2nd ed. Houghton Mifflin, Boston Thomson, Robert C.; Amber N. Wright & H. Bradley Shaffer 2016. California Amphibian and Reptile Species of Special Concern. University of California Press - get paper here Van Denburgh,J. 1905. The reptiles and amphibians of the islands of the Pacific Coast of North America from the Farallons to Cape San Lucas and the Revilla Gigedos. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (Ser. 3) 4 (1): 1-40 - get paper here Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp. Wilson, Larry D. 1973. Masticophis flagellum. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (145): 1-4 - get paper here Wilson, Larry David 1970. The coachwhip snake, Masticophis flagellum (Shaw): Taxonomy and distribution. Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany 16 (2): 31-99 - get paper here
External links	http://www.zo.utexas.edu/research/txherps/snakes/ http://gto.ncsa.uiuc.edu/pingleto/herps/snakes.html http://blackbook.org/~sullivan/indexes/sciIndexL-R.html https://www.facebook.com/groups/stshc/posts/497658029125467 Google images

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