Masticophis lateralis (HALLOWELL, 1853)

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Higher Taxa	Colubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies	Masticophis lateralis euryxanthus (RIEMER 1954) Masticophis lateralis lateralis (HALLOWELL 1853)
Common Names	E: Striped Racer euryxanthus: Alameda Striped Racer lateralis: California Striped Racer G: Alameda-Peitschenschlange S: Corredora Rayada
Synonym	Leptophis lateralis HALLOWELL 1853: 237 Zamenis lateralis — COPE 1900: 807 Masticophis lateralis — JENNINGS 1983 Masticophis lateralis — STEBBINS 1985: 182 Masticophis lateralis — LINER 1994 Coluber lateralis — UTIGER et al. 2005 (by implication) Masticophis lateralis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 418 Masticophis lateralis — O’CONNELL et al. 2017 Masticophis lateralis — MYERS et al. 2017 Masticophis lateralis — HANSEN & SHEDD 2025 Masticophis lateralis euryxanthus RIEMER 1954 Masticophis lateralis euryxanthus RIEMER 1954: 45 Masticophis lateralis euryxanthus — JENNINGS 1983 Masticophis lateralis euryxanthus — CROTHER 2000: 66 Masticophis lateralis euryxanthus — COLLINS & TAGGART 2009 Coluber lateralis euryxanthus — RICHMOND et al. 2016 Masticophis lateralis euryxanthus — HOWARD et al. 2024 Masticophis lateralis lateralis (HALLOWELL, 1853) Leptophis lateralis HALLOWELL 1853: 237 Masticophis lateralis lateralis — JENNINGS 1983 Masticophis lateralis lateralis — CROTHER 2000: 66 Coluber lateralis lateralis — LINER 2007 Masticophis lateralis — COLLINS & TAGGART 2009
Distribution	USA (California), Mexico (Baja California) euryxanthus: USA (California) lateralis: USA (CAlifornia) Type locality: California
Reproduction	oviparous.
Types	Holotype: ANSP 5365 Holotype: MVZ 50391 (adult female) [euryxanthus]
Diagnosis	Unfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 2221 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details.
Comment	NCBI taxon ID: 1879200 [euryxanthus] NCBI taxon ID: 1879201 [lateralis]
Etymology	The specific name lateralis (Latin) means “of the side” and apparently alludes to the conspicuous lateral stripes. The subspecific name euryxanthus is derived from the Greek eury-, meaning wide or broad, and xanthus, yellow, which refers to the wide yellow-orange lateral stripes.
References	ALVAREZ, JEFF A. & AMANDA C. MURPHY. 2022. Arboreality in the California Whipsnake (Masticophis lateralis): Implications for Survey Techniques. Bulletin, Southern California Academy of Sciences 121(1): 34–40. - get paper here Clark, H.O., Jr. 2014. Encounter between a Striped Racer (Coluber lateralis) and a Southern Alligator Lizard (Elgaria multicarinata). Sonoran Herpetologist 27 (3):79. - get paper here Collins, J.T. and T. W. Taggart 2009. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Sixth Edition. Center for North American Herpetology, 48 pp. Cope, E.D. 1900. The crocodilians, lizards and snakes of North America. Ann. Rep. U.S. Natl. Mus. 1898: 153-1270 - get paper here Crother, B. I. (ed.) 2012. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Seventh Edition. Herpetological Circular 39: 1-92 DEGROOF, CHRISTOPHER L. & BRUCE P. PAVALON. 2022. MASTICOPHIS LATERALIS (California Whipsnake) and TRIMORPHODON LYROPHANES (California Lyresnake). DIET and PREDATION. Herpetological Review 53 (3): 514. Dunn, R. & Herr, M.W. 2017. Coluber lateralis (=Masticophis lateralis) (Striped Racer) Diet. Herpetological Review 48 (4): 858 - get paper here Goldberg, S.R. 1975. Reproduction in the Striped Racer, Masticophis lateralis (Colubridae) Journal of Herpetology 9 (4): 361-363. - get paper here Goodman AM, Esposito LA, Ponce PL, Sauer AR, Stiner EO, Ruane S 2019. New record and range expansion of Masticophis lateralis (Hallowell, 1853) (Squamata, Colubridae) into western Baja California Sur, Mexico. Check List 15(2): 345-348 - get paper here Grismer, L. L.; McGuire, J. A. 1993. The oases of central Baja California, Mexico. Part I. A preliminary account of the relict mesophilic herpetofauna and the status of the oases. Bull. Southern California Acad. Sci. 92 (1): 2-24 - get paper here Grismer, L. Lee;Mahrdt, Clark R. 1996. Geographic Distribution. Masticophis lateralis lateralis. Herpetological Review 27 (1): 34 - get paper here Grismer,L.L 1990. Relationships, taxonomy, and biogeography of the Masticophis lateralis complex in Baja California, Mexico. Herpetologica 46 (1): 66-77 - get paper here Hallowell,E. 1853. On some new reptiles from California. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 6: 236-238 - get paper here Hammerson, G.A. 1978. Observations on the Reproduction, Courtship, and Aggressive Behavior of the Striped Racer, Masticophis lateralis euryxanthus (Reptilia, Serpentes, Colubridae) Journal of Herpetology 12 (2): 253-255. - get paper here Hammerson, G.A. 1979. Thermal ecology of the striped racer, Masticophis lateralis Herpetologica 35 (3): 267-273. - get paper here Hansen, Robert and Jackson D. Shedd 2025. California Amphibians and Reptiles. Princeton University Press, 528 pp., ISBN<br />9780691249087 (ebook) - get paper here Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp Hollingsworth, Bradford D.; Jorge H. Valdez-Villavicencio and Anny Peralta-García 2016. Coluber lateralis (Colubridae). Baja California Sur. Revista Mexicana de Herpetología 2(1): Howard, Jillian S.; Eric Britt & Karen Swaim 2024. An Analysis of Age and Growth Models Examining Size-At-Age Data for the Alameda Whipsnakes (Masticophis lateralis euryxanthus) Journal of Herpetology Sep 2024 Vol. 58, No. 3: 304-312 - get paper here Jennings M R 1983. Masticophis lateralis (Hallowell). Striped racer. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles ( 343: 1-2 - get paper here Liner, Ernest A. 2007. A CHECKLIST OF THE AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF MEXICO. Louisiana State University Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural Science 80: 1-60 - get paper here Loomis, Richard B.;Stephens, Robert C. 1967. Additional notes on snakes taken in or near Joshua Tree National Monument, California. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 66 (1): 1-22 - get paper here MASON, W 2020. Masticophis lateralis (Striped Racer). Diet/Cannibalism. Herpetological Review 51: 623. Miller, A. and J.A. Alvarez. 2016. Habitat Use and Management Considerations for the Threatened Alameda Whipsnake (Masticophis lateralis euryxanthus) in Central California. Western Wildlife 3:29-32. - get paper here MURPHY, AMANDA COLOMBO & JEFF A. ALVAREZ. 2023. Using chin spot pattern to differentiate individual Masticophis lateralis (Hallowell, 1853) on the Pacific Coast of the United States Herpetology Notes 16: 615–618. - get paper here Myers, Edward A.; Jamie L. Burgoon, Julie M. Ray, Juan E. Martínez-Gómez, Noemí Matías- Ferrer, Daniel G. Mulcahy, and Frank T. Burbrink 2017. Coalescent Species Tree Inference of Coluber and Masticophis. Copeia 105 (4): 642-650 - get paper here O'Connell, K. A., Streicher, J. W., Smith, E. N. and Fujita, M. K. 2017. Geographical features are the predominant driver of molecular diversification in widely distributed North American Whipsnakes. Mol Ecol. 26: 5729–5751 - get paper here Peralta-García A, Valdez-Villavicencio JH, Fucsko LA, Hollingsworth BD, Johnson JD, Mata-Silva V, Rocha A, DeSantis DL, Porras LW, and Wilson LD. 2023. The herpetofauna of the Baja California Peninsula and its adjacent islands, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 17(1&2): 57–142 Pilliod, D., Jeffries, M., Arkle, R. and Olson, D. 2024. Climate Futures for Lizards and Snakes in Western North America May Result in New Species Management Issues. Ecol Evol, 14: e70379 - get paper here Richmond, Jonathan Q.; Dustin A. Wood, Karen E. Swaim, Robert N. Fisher, and Amy G. Vandergast 2015. Historical Habitat Barriers Prevent Ring-like Genetic Continuity Throughout the Distribution of Threatened Alameda Striped Racers (Coluber lateralis euryxanthus). Herpetologica 72 (3): 202-213 [2016] - get paper here Riemer, William J. 1954. A new subspecies of the snake Masticophis lateralis from California. Copeia 1954 (1): 45-48 - get paper here Rochester, Carlton J.; Cheryl S. Brehme, Denise R. Clark, Drew C. Stokes, Stacie A. Hathaway, and Robert N. Fisher 2010. Reptile and Amphibian Responses to Large-Scale Wildfires in Southern California. Journal of Herpetology 44 (3): 333–351 - get paper here Rodríguez-Robles, Javier A., Good, David A., Wake, David B. 2003. Brief History of Herpetology in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, with a List of Type Specimens of Recent Amphibians and Reptiles. UC Publications in Zoology, 119 pp. - get paper here Stebbins,R.C. 1985. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, 2nd ed. Houghton Mifflin, Boston Utiger, U.; Schatti, B. & Helfenberger, N. 2005. The oriental colubrine genus Coelognathus FITZINGER, 1843 and classification of old and new world racers and ratsnakes (Reptilia, Squamata, Colubridae, Colubrinae). Russ. J. Herpetol. 12 (1): 39-60 - get paper here Vindum, Jens V. 1998. Geographic Distribution. Masticophis lateralis. Herpetological Review 29 (2): 114-115 - get paper here Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information http://bio.lmu.edu/socal_nat_hist/reptiles/snakes.htm http://blackbook.org/~sullivan/indexes/sciIndexL-R.html Google images

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