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Micrurus baliocoryphus (COPE, 1860)

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Higher TaxaElapidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Mesopotamian coral snake 
SynonymElaps baliocoryphus COPE 1860: 346
Micrurus frontalis mesopotamicus BARRIO & MIRANDA 1967
Micrurus frontalis baliocoryphus — HOGE & ROMANO 1979
Micrurus frontalis mesopotamicus — CEI 1993
Micrurus frontalis baliocoryphus — WELCH 1994: 83
Micrurus frontalis baliocoryphus — ROZE 1994
Micrurus baliocoryphus — DA SILVA & SITES 1999: 162
Micrurus baliocoryphus — CAMPBELL & LAMAR 2004: 209
Micrurus baliocoryphus — DI BERNARDO et al. 2007
Micrurus baliocoryphus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 442 
DistributionArgentina (Entre Rios, Correintes, SW Misiones), Paraguay (fide Paul Smith, pers. comm., 27 Apr 2014)

Type locality: Buenos Aires, Argentina. Corrected to Villa Federal, Entre Ríos, Argentina (type locality of M. frontalis mesopotamicus) by Roze (1983).  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: ANSP 6842
Holotype: MACN 1823, male; paratypes: MACN [mesopotamicus] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Micrurus baliocoryphus is a triadal coralsnake with a white snout with most of the scales bordered by black, including the first 3-4 supralabials. Sometimes the prefrontals are completely white with a few little black markings. The head is black with (the vast majority of our sample) or without a white band between the parietals and frontal and supraoculars. The remainder of the head is red, including the posterior 3-4 infralabials with all scales black-tipped (Figs. 15-17). Inferiorly, the chin is white, ranging from the mental and first 2 infralabials to the anterior genials and first 3 infralabials. All the scales have irregular black markings with a strong tendency to melanism. The posterior part is red rarely with black markings. The triads have a fixed character of the middle black ring at least twice as long as the external ones and immaculate white rings. The red rings are always black-tipped. Triads range from 9 to 16 (from Silva & Sites 1999: 162). 
CommentVenomous!

Distribution: apparently not known from Brazil (Campbell & Lamar 2004, Da Silva & Sites, 1999). 
EtymologyGreek from “bali-” meaning spotted and “coryph” meaning head; baliocoryphus, meaning snake with spotted head, alluding to the red and black head. Mesopotamicus alludes to its distribution in the Argentinean mesopotamic region in Entre Rios. 
References
  • Cacciali, Pier; Norman J. Scott, Aida Luz Aquino Ortíz, Lee A. Fitzgerald, and Paul Smith 2016. The Reptiles of Paraguay: Literature, Distribution, and an Annotated Taxonomic Checklist. SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF THE MUSEUM OF SOUTHWESTERN BIOLOGY, NUMBER 11: 1–373 - get paper here
  • Cei, J. M. 1993. Reptiles del noroeste, nordeste y este de la Argentina. Museo Regionale Sci. Naturale Torino, Monografie 14: 1-949
  • Cope, E.D. 1860. Catalogue of the venomous serpents in the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, with notes on the families, genera and species. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1859: 332-347 - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1862. Catalogues of the reptiles obtained during the explorations of the Parana Paraguay, Vermejo and Uruguay rivers, by Capt. Thos. J. Page, U.S.N.; and of those procured by Lieut. N. Michier, U. S. Top. Eng., Commander of the expedition conducting the survey of the Atrato River. I. The Paraguay collection. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 14: 346-359. - get paper here
  • Da SILVA, N. J. JR. & J. W. JR. SITES 1999. Revision of the Micrurus frontalis complex (Serpentes: Elapidae). Herpetological Monographs 13: 142-194 - get paper here
  • DI-BERNARDO, MARCOS; MARCIO BORGES-MARTINS & NELSON JORGE DA SILVA, JR. 2007. A new species of coralsnake (Micrurus: Elapidae) from southern Brazil. Zootaxa 1447: 1–26 - get paper here
  • Hoge, A.R., & Romano-Hoge, S.A.R.W.L. 1979. Sinopse das serpentes peconhentas do Brasil (2.ed.). Mem. Inst. Butantan. 42/43: 373-496. - get paper here
  • Roze, J.A. 1994. Notes on the taxonomy of venomous coral snakes (Elapidae) of South America. Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 30: 177-185. - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Welch, K. R. G. 1994. Snakes of the World. A Checklist. I. Venomous snakes. KCM Books, Somerset, England.
 
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