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Micrurus limbatus FRASER, 1964

IUCN Red List - Micrurus limbatus - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaElapidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesMicrurus limbatus limbatus (FRASER 1964)
Micrurus limbatus spilosomus PEREZ-HIGAREDA & SMITH 1990 
Common NamesE: Tuxtlan Coral Snake
S: Coralillo de Los Tuxtlas 
SynonymMicrurus limbatus FRASER 1964
Micrurus limbatus — LINER 1994
Micrurus limbatus limbatus — LINER 2007
Micrurus limbatus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 449

Micrurus limbatus spilosomus PEREZ-HIGAREDA & SMITH 1990
Micrurus limbatus spilosomus — LINER 2007 
DistributionMexico (S Veracruz: Sierra de los Tuxtlas)

spilosomus: Mexico (Veracruz); Type locality: from Bastonal. Sierra de Santa Marta, 900 m elevation, municipality of Catemaco. Veracruz. Mexico.

Type locality: southern slope of Volcan San Martin, 7 airline miles north of San Andres Tuxtla, Veracruz, Mexico, at 1,050 m elevation.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: UMMZ 123858
Holotype: CAR-EBTT (= IBH-LT = UNAM-LT) 2733 (Los Tuxtlas), female [spilosomus] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (spilosomus). A member of the species M. limbatus, not differing from
the nominotypical subspecies, M. 1. limbatus, in scutellation. but differing
from it Inpattem, having 14-21 round or oval black spots on a red dorsum;
highly irregular, widely spaced blotches on venter; 3-4 black tail rings,
shorter ventrally than dorsally; and a nuchal black ring interrupted ventrally
or no more than one ventral long (as opposed to 31-45 black rings
encircling body; 4-6 black tail rings, longer ventrally than dorsally, nuchal
black ring complete, covering 3 or 4 ventrals). 
CommentMicrurus limbatus limbatus is mimicked by Pliocercus elapoides wilmarai (see figures in SMITH & CHISZAR 2001).

Venomous! 
EtymologyThe name limbatus is derived from the Latin limbus meaning a fringe or border, alluding, possibly, to the black borders or margins outlining the red scales.
M. l. spilosomus is from the Greek spilo meaning spot or spotted as adjective and somus meaning body; thus, the one with spotted body, alluding to the black body spots of this subspecies.
 
References
  • Aguilar-López JL, Luría-Manzano R, Pineda E, Canseco-Márquez L 2021. Selva Zoque, Mexico: an important Mesoamerican tropical region for reptile species diversity and conservation. ZooKeys 1054: 127-153 - get paper here
  • Campbell, J.A. 2000. A new species of venomous coral snake (Serpentes: Elapidae) from high desert in Puebla, Mexico. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 113 (1): 291-297 - get paper here
  • Campbell, J.A. & Lamar, W.W. 1989. The Venomous Reptiles of Latin America. Comstock Publishing/Cornell University Press, Ithaca
  • Fraser,D.F. 1964. Micrurus limbatus, a new coral snake from Veracruz, Mexico. Copeia 1964 (3): 570-573 - get paper here
  • Greene, Brian D ; Wilkinson, Robert F Jr; Powell, Robert 1998. Micrurus limbatus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 678: 1-3 - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp
  • Liner, Ernest A. 2007. A CHECKLIST OF THE AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF MEXICO. Louisiana State University Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural Science 80: 1-60 - get paper here
  • Perez-Higareda, G., and H. M. Smith. 1990. The endemic coral snakes of the Los Tuxlas region, southern Veracruz, Mexico. Bull. MaryIand Herpetol. Soc. 26 (1): 5-13 - get paper here
  • Torre-Loranca, M.A. de la; Aguirre-León, G. & López-Luna, M.A. 2006. Coralillos verdaderos (Serpentes: Elapidae) y Coralillos falsos (Serpentes: Colubridae) de Veracruz, México. Acta Zoologica Mexicana 22 (3): 11-22 - get paper here
  • Torres-Hernández, LA, Ramírez-Bautista A, Cruz-Elizalde R, Hernández-Salinas U, Berriozabal-Islas C, DeSantis DL, Johnson JD, Rocha A, García-Padilla E, Mata-Silva V, Fucsko LA, and Wilson LD. 2021. The herpetofauna of Veracruz, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 15(2) [General Section]: 72–155 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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