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Micrurus distans KENNICOTT, 1860

IUCN Red List - Micrurus distans - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaElapidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Clear-banded coral snake, West Mexican Coral Snake
E: Common clear-banded coral snake [distans]
E: Michoacan clear-banded coral snake [michoacanensis]
E: Colima clear-banded coral snake [oliveri]
E: Zweifel's coral snake [zweifeli]
S: Coralillo Bandas Claras 
SynonymMicrurus distans distans (KENNICOTT 1860)
Elaps distans KENNICOTT 1860
Elaps distans — COPE 1875: 11
Elaps fulvius var. distans — GARMAN 1884: 106
Micrurus diastema distans — SCHMIDT 1933: 39
Micrurus affinis stantoni — SCHMIDT 1933 (part.) fide ROUX-ESTEVE 1983
Micrurus diastema distans — SCHMIDT & SMITH 1943
Micrurus distans distans — ZWEIFEL 1959
Micrurus distans zweifeli ROZE 1967
Micrurus distans distans — TANNER 1985: 661
Micrurus distans distans — LINER 1994
Micrurus distans zweifeli — WELCH 1994: 81
Micrurus distans zweifeli — LINER 2007
Micrurus distans distans — LINER 2007
Micrurus distans — WALLACH et al. 2014: 445
Micrurus distans distans — REYES-VELASCO et al. 2020 
Distributiondistans: Mexico (SW Chihuahua, S Sonora, Sinaloa, south to NW Nayarit); Type locality: Batosegachie, Chihuahua, Mexico.

michoacanensis: Mexico (Michoacan, Guerrero)

oliveri: Mexico (Colima, Jalisco); Type locality: Periquillo, Colima, Mexico.

zweifeli: Mexico (Nayarit, Jalisco, Aguascalientes [HR 31: 114]); Type locality: Laguna Santa Maria, Nayarit, Mexico, between elevations of 2,000 and 4,000 ft.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: USNM 1144, male
Neoype: MDUG HE 1, designated by Smith & Necker 1943; Holotype: MDUG Duges Museum, Mexico, lost fide ROZE 1996; [michoacanensis]
Holotype: AMNH 12780, a male [oliveri]
Holotype: CAS 95769, a male [zweifeli] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (2895 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentVenomous!

Synonymy: Reyes-Velasco et al. 2020 suggested to synonymize Micrurus distans zweifeli with M. d. distans, based on genetic data.

Subspecies: Reyes-Velasco et al. 2020 elevated all subspecies of M. distans to full species status. 
EtymologyLatin from dista meaning stand apart; distans probably refers to the long distance between the black bands, unusual in coral snakes.
michoacenensis: Latin michoacenensis denotes belonging to or an inhabitant of Michoacan.
oliveri: Named after the late James A. Oliver, director of the American Museum of Natural History, New York, who made considerable contributions to herpetology.
zweifeli: Named after Richard G. Zweifel, curator emeritus of herpetology of the American Museum of Natural History, New York, who did extensive research in western Mexico.
(etymologies after Roze 1996: 161-163) 
References
  • Campbell, J.A. 2000. A new species of venomous coral snake (Serpentes: Elapidae) from high desert in Puebla, Mexico. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 113 (1): 291-297 - get paper here
  • Campbell, J.A. & Lamar, W.W. 1989. The Venomous Reptiles of Latin America. Comstock Publishing/Cornell University Press, Ithaca
  • Carbajal-Márquez, Rubén A. and Gustavo E. Quintero-Díaz 2016. The Herpetofauna of Aguascalientes, México. Revista Mexicana de Herpetología 2(1):
  • Cobarrubias, Edgar Flores; Daniel Cruz-Sáenz, and David Lazcano 2012. Notes on the Herpetofauna of Western Mexico 6: Amphibians and Reptiles of Hostotipaquillo, Jalisco, Mexico. Bull. Chicago Herp. Soc. 47 (2):21-26 - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1875. The herpetology of Florida. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1875: 10-11 - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1900. The crocodilians, lizards and snakes of North America. Ann. Rep. U.S. Natl. Mus. 1898: 153-1270 - get paper here
  • Dugès,A.A.D. 1891. Elaps diastema var. michoacanensis A. Dug. Naturaleza, Mexico, Ser. 2, 1: 487 - get paper here
  • Dugès, A. 1896. Note sur l’Elaps michoacanensis. Bulletin du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, 44, 60–61
  • Enderson, Erik F.; Thomas R. Van Devender, Robert L. Bezy 2014. Amphibians and reptiles of Yécora, Sonora and the Madrean Tropical Zone of the Sierra Madre Occidental in northwestern Mexico. Check List 10 (4): 913-926 - get paper here
  • FLORES-VILLELA, OSCAR; CÉSAR A. RÍOS-MUÑOZ, GLORIA E. MAGAÑA-COTA & NÉSTOR L. QUEZADAS-TAPIA 2016. Alfredo Dugès’ type specimens of amphibians and reptiles revisited. Zootaxa 4092 (1): 033–054 - get paper here
  • García, A. & Ceballos, G. 1994. GUIA DE CAMPO DE LOS REPTILES Y ANFIBIOS DE LA COSTA DE JALISCO, MEXICO. FUNDACION ECOLOGICA DE CUIXMALA, A.C. INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA, UNAM - get paper here
  • Hardy, L.M., & McDiarmid, R.W. 1969. The amphibians and reptiles of Sinaloa, Mexico. Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. 18 (3): 39-252. - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp
  • Kennicott, R. 1860. Descriptions of new species of North American serpents in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 12: 328-338 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR 2020. A checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Sinaloa, Mexico with a conservation status summary and comparisons with neighboring states. ZooKeys 931: 85-114 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Pierce LJS, Painter CW 2020. The amphibians and reptiles of Colima, Mexico, with a summary of their conservation status. ZooKeys 927: 99-125 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Rorabaugh JC 2019. A conservation checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Sonora, Mexico, with updated species lists. ZooKeys 829: 131-160 - get paper here
  • Liner, Ernest A. 2007. A CHECKLIST OF THE AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF MEXICO. Louisiana State University Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural Science 80: 1-60 - get paper here
  • Loc-Barragán JA, Smith GR, Woolrich-Piña GA, Lemos-Espinal JA 2024. An updated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Nayarit, Mexico with conservation status and comparison with adjoining States. Herpetozoa 37: 25-42 - get paper here
  • Loc-Barragán, Jesús A.; Zarah I. Sosa-Hernández, Christoph I. Grünwald, Emmanuel Miramontes-Medina, Jorge A. Bañuelos-Alamillo, Guillermo A. Woolrich-Piña and David Lazcano 2019. Notes on the Herpetofauna of Nayarit, Mexico 3: Amphibians and Reptiles of the Municipality of Huajicori. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 54(10): 205-213 - get paper here
  • Luja VH, López JA, Cruz-Elizalde R, Ramírez-Bautista A 2017. Herpetofauna inside and outside from a natural protected area: the case of Reserva Estatal de la Biósfera Sierra San Juan, Nayarit, Mexico. Nature Conservation 21: 15-38 - get paper here
  • McCranie, J.R. & Wilson, L.D. 2001. The herpetofauna of the Mexican State of Aguascalientes. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 230: 1-57
  • Palacios-Aguilar, Ricardo & OSCAR FLORES-VILLELA 2018. An updated checklist of the herpetofauna from Guerrero, Mexico. Zootaxa 4422 (1): 1-24 - get paper here
  • Reyes-Velasco, J., Adams, R. H., Boissinot, S., Parkinson, C. L., Campbell, J. A., Castoe, T. A. and Smith, E. N. 2020. Genome-wide SNPs clarify lineage diversity confused by coloration in coralsnakes of the Micrurus diastema species complex (Serpentes: Elapidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 147: 106770 - get paper here
  • Rosas-Espinoza, V.C.; Rodríguez-Zaragoza, F.A.; Álvarez-Grzybowska, E.; Peña-Joya, K.E.; Santiago-Pérez, A.L.; Godoy-González, A.A.; Huerta-Martínez, F.M. 2024. Taxonomic and Functional Diversity of Reptiles in a Heterogeneous Landscape of Jalisco State, West-Central Mexico. Diversity 2024, 16, 394 - get paper here
  • Roux-Estève, R. 1982. Les spécimens-types du genre Micrurus (Elapidae) conservés au Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle de Paris. Mém. Inst. Butantan, 46: 79-94. - get paper here
  • Roze, Jánis A 1967. A checklist of the New World venomous Coral Snakes (Elapidae), with descriptions of new forms. American Museum Novitates (2287): 1-60 - get paper here
  • Schmidt, K. E, & SMITH, H. M. 1943. Notes on coral snakes from México. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Zool. Ser. 29: 25-31. - get paper here
  • Schmidt, K. P. 1933. Preliminary account of the coral snakes of Central America and Mexico. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Zool. Ser. 20: 29-40. - get paper here
  • Schmidt, Karl P.;Shannon, Frederick A. 1947. Notes on amphibians and reptiles of Michoacan, Mexico. Zoological Series of Field Museum of Natural History 31 (9): 63-85
  • Southern, M; Williams, R; Guitiérrez-Garcia, D & Rorabaugh, J C 2019. Geographic Distribution: Micrurus distans (West Mexican Coralsnake) Mexico: Sonora: Municipality of Sahuaripa. Herpetological Review 50 (2): 331-332 - get paper here
  • Tanner, Wilmer W. 1985. Snakes of Western Chihuahua. Great Basin Naturalist 45 (4): 615-676 - get paper here
  • Tim, Warfel., Matt Cage and Dirk J. Stevenson. 2015. Micurus distans distans (West Mexican coralsnake) diet. Herpetological Review 46 (2): 275 - get paper here
  • Vázquez Díaz, Joel;Quintero Díaz, Gustavo E. 2005. Anfibios y Reptiles de Aguascalientes [2nd ed.]. CONABIO, CIEMA, 318 pp.
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Webb, R.G. 1984. Herpetogeography in the Mazatlán-Durango Region of the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico. Vetrebrate Ecology and Systematics - A ribute to Henry S. Fitch; Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, pp. 217-241
  • Woolrich-Piña, Guillermo A, Paulino Ponce-Campos, Jesús Loc-Barragán, Juan Pablo Ramírez-Silva, Vicente Mata-Silva, Jerry D. Johnson, Elí García-Padilla and Larry David Wilson. 2016. The herpetofauna of Nayarit, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3 (2): 376-448 - get paper here
  • Zweifel, Richard G. 1959. Additions to the herpetofauna of Nayarit, Mexico. American Museum Novitates (1953): 1-13 - get paper here
 
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