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Micrurus proximans SMITH & CHRAPLIWY, 1958

IUCN Red List - Micrurus proximans - Least Concern, LC

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Higher TaxaElapidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Nayarit Coral Snake
S: Coralillo de Nayarit 
SynonymMicrurus diastema proximans SMITH & CHRAPLIWY 1958
Micrurus proximans — ROZE 1983
Micrurus proximans — LINER 1994
Micrurus proximans — LINER 2007
Micrurus proximans — WALLACH et al. 2014: 452 
DistributionMexico (coast of Nayarit, Jalisco)

Type locality: Mexico: 5 mi NE San Blas, Nayarit  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: INHS (= UIMNH) 40369 604; W. H. Davis, W. Z. Lidicker, and J. R. Winklemann; July 16, 1956. 
DiagnosisDefinition: A single-banded coral snake with black, red, and white or yellow bands in which the females have several black bands interrupted ventrally. It has a black snout and a white parietal band followed by a black nuchal band. The red dorsal scales have small black tips, but not on all scales. Males have supraanal tubercles (Roze 1996: 209).

Description: Males have 202 to 207 (204.8) and females have 210 to 218 (214.4) ventrals; subcaudals 47 to 53 (48.7) in males and 36 to 42 (38.3) in females. Usually 1+2 temporals, at least on one side. Examined: 7 males and 5 females, including the holotype.
The snout is black, including most of the frontal and anterior part of the parietals, followed by a yellow or white band that includes 3 or 4 supralabials. Below, the head is white with the mental and first infralabials black and with some black borders on several additional shields. The black nuchal band covers the tips of the parietals, 4 to 5 dorsals, and 3 to 4 ventrals, including the tips of the second pair of genials. The single black body bands are 2 to 3 dorsals and ventrals long. In females, several black bands are interrupted ventrally. The yellow or white bands are barely 1 dorsal and ventral long. The red bands are 2 or more times longer than the black bands. They are 7 to 9 dorsals and ventrals long, with small black tips present on several, but not all, dorsals. Only black and white bands are on the tail; the first are 2 or 3 times longer than the white bands.
The males have 17 to 22 (18.6) and the females have 21 to 24 (23.2) black body bands. In females only 3 to 10 bands are complete. Both sexes have 5 to 7 black tail bands (Roze 1996: 209). 
CommentVenomous! 
EtymologyLatin from proximatus meaning near relationship or proximity, probably alluding to its elose relationship to another coral snake from the same region 
References
  • Campbell, J.A. & Lamar, W.W. 1989. The Venomous Reptiles of Latin America. Comstock Publishing/Cornell University Press, Ithaca
  • Cruz-Sáenz, D., F. J. Muñoz-Nolasco, V. Mata-Silva, J. D. Johnson, E. García-Padilla, and L. D. Wilson. 2017. The herpetofauna of Jalisco, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(1): 23–118 - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Pierce LJS, Painter CW 2020. The amphibians and reptiles of Colima, Mexico, with a summary of their conservation status. ZooKeys 927: 99-125 - get paper here
  • Liner, Ernest A. 2007. A CHECKLIST OF THE AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF MEXICO. Louisiana State University Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural Science 80: 1-60 - get paper here
  • Loc-barragán J.A., D., Lazcano y G.A Woolrich-Piña. 2018. Notes on the Herpetofauna of Nayarit, Mexico 2: Amphibians and Reptiles of the Municipality of Compostela. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 53(10): 205-212
  • Luja VH, López JA, Cruz-Elizalde R, Ramírez-Bautista A 2017. Herpetofauna inside and outside from a natural protected area: the case of Reserva Estatal de la Biósfera Sierra San Juan, Nayarit, Mexico. Nature Conservation 21: 15-38 - get paper here
  • Nordgren, Matt and Robert Villa. 2011. Geographic Distribution: Micrurus proximans (Nayarit coralsnake). Herpetological Review 42 (3): 394-395 - get paper here
  • Roze, J. A. 1983. New World coral snakes (Elapidae): a taxonomic and biological summary. Mem. Inst. Butantan 46: 305-338 [1982] - get paper here
  • Smith, H.M. & CHRAPLIWY,P.S. 1958. New and noteworthy Mexican herptiles from the Lidicker collection. Herpetologica 13: 267-271 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Woolrich-Piña, Guillermo A, Paulino Ponce-Campos, Jesús Loc-Barragán, Juan Pablo Ramírez-Silva, Vicente Mata-Silva, Jerry D. Johnson, Elí García-Padilla and Larry David Wilson. 2016. The herpetofauna of Nayarit, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3 (2): 376-448 - get paper here
 
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