Natrix astreptophora LOPEZ-SEOANE, 1885

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Higher Taxa	Colubridae (Natricinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies	Natrix astreptophora astreptophora (SEOANE 1885) Natrix astreptophora algerica (HECHT 1930)
Common Names	E: Red-eyed grass snake G: Rotaugen-Ringelnatter
Synonym	Coluber distinctus GRAVENHORST 1807 (nomen oblitum) Coluber sparsus SCHREIBER 1875 (nomen oblitum) Tropidonotus natrix var. astreptophorus LOPEZ- SEOANE 1885: 15 (nom. protectum) Natrix natrix algirus — SOCHUREK 1979 (status unclear) Natrix natrix — BARBADILLO 1983 Natrix natrix astreptophora — MALKMUS 1990 Natrix natrix astreptophora — SCHLÜTER 2009 Natrix natrix astreptophora — FRITZ et al. 2012 Natrix astreptophora — POKRANT et al. 2016 Natrix astreptophora — KINDLER et al. 2017 Natrix astreptophora — ESCORIZA 2018 Natrix astreptophora — SPEYBROECK et al. 2020 Natrix astreptophora astreptophora — FRITZ & SCHMIDTLER 2020: 656 Natrix astreptophora algerica (HECHT 1930) Tropidonotus natrix algericus HECHT 1930 Natrix astreptophora lineage Tu — KINDLER et al. 2013 Natrix astreptophora algerica — FRITZ & SCHMIDTLER 2020: 656
Distribution	Portugal, Spain, S France, Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Tunisia algerica: C/E Algeria, Tunisia; Type locality: northern Algeria. astreptophora: Portugal, Spain, S France; Type locality: Coruña, Galicia
Reproduction	oviparous.
Types	Syntypes: MNHN-RA 1889.0580-0583, MNHN-RA 2012.0459 (formerly MNHN-RA 1889.0581A), collected in Galicia by Lopez Seoane. Given in literature as VLS = private collection of Víctor López Seoane (1832–1900), no longer extant; unspecified specimens were donated to MNHN, NHMUK, ZISP and other museums (fide M. Sabaj, pers. comm., 11 March 2019). Holotype: ZMB 19636 [algerica]
Diagnosis	Description: Rumpf recht dick, Kopf breit. Iris älterer Tiere ziegel- bis blutrot. Lunarflecken weißlich, gelblich, grüngelblich, manchmal zusammenfließend. Fehlen alten Weibchen, auch Nuchalflecken hier stark reduziert. Occipitalflecken oft nicht vorhanden, mitunter zum Querband verschmolzen. Oberseits grau bis graugrün. Rückenzeichnung nicht ausgebildet oder aus 4-6 Fleckenreihen bestehend. Ventralia 157-171. Subcaudalia 50-79 (Kabisch 1999). Original description: “La carencia absoluta de collar, y el color castaño uniforme sin manchas de las pates superiores, me ha decidido á fundar esta nueva variedad, que he comuni- cado, entre otros, á los Señores Schreiber, Director del Museo de Gorizia; y Günther, del de Lóndres. No tengo conocimiento de ninguna variedad, á la cual falte por completo el collar, ni presente igual CO- lorido que la nuestra; pues, la forma de la Italia me- ridional, Tropidonotus siculus, Cuv, aunque carece del co- llar amarillo, conserva el negro, y además multitud de manchas negras, como Vipera aspis. El Tropidonotus ce- ttr, del cual soy deudor al profesor Camerano, de Tu- rin, de un escelente calco, tampoco tiene más que el co- llar negro, pero muy desarrollado, y las manchas dorsa- les confundiéndose con las de los flancos, forman fajas transversales negras, comunicando al animal el aspecto de un Elaps. Boscá, dice haber visto en el Instituto de Ponteve- dra, una camisa de Coelopeltis monspessulanus: la camisa á que se refiere, y que carecia de la cabeza, pertenece á un adulto de gran tamaño del Tropidonotus astreptopho- rus, siendo tanto más de estrañar esta equivocación, por que las escamas del Tropidonotus, son fuertemente aqui- lladas, y las de Coelopeltis sumamente lisas, para que á simple vista sea imposible confundir ambas especies, aun por la camisa sin cabeza.” (
Comment	Synonymy: see Fritz & Schmidtler 2020: 656. Subspecies: see also N. natrix. Hybridization: In the French Pyrenees region, N. n. astreptophora and N. n. helvetica hybridize occasionally. N. n. astreptophora differs consistently from all other grass snakes by its reddish iris coloration and in having significantly fewer ventral scales and another skull morphology (FRITZ et al. 2012). There is some evidence that Natrix astreptophora and Natrix maura can hybridize in Spain (de la Vega et al. 2022). Distribution: see maps in Pokrant et al. 2016: 10 (Fig. 6) and Kindler et al. 2017 (Fig. 1). N. astreptophora replaces N. natrix in North Africa fide Kindler et al. 2017. For a map see Sindaco et al. 2013. Genome: the genome of this and the 4 other species of Natrix were sequenced by Schöneberg ert al. 2023.
References	Akman, B., Çakmak, M., & Yıldız, M.Z. 2020. On the Herpetofauna of the Central Anatolian Province of Kırıkkale (Turkey) (Amphibia; Reptilia). Acta Biologica Turcica, 33(2): 70-79 BARBADILLO, L.J. 1983. About the distribution of amphibians and reptiles in the province of Burgos. Goal. I am. Cat. Ictio. Herp. 5-10-10-7 - get paper here BOUAZZA, ABDELLAH; EL HASSAN EL MOUDEN & ABDESLAM RIHANE 2021. Checklist of amphibians and reptiles of Morocco: A taxonomic update and standard Arabic names. Herpetology Notes 14: 1-14. - get paper here Escoriza D 2018. Patterns of occurrence of semi-aquatic reptiles in highly invaded Mediterranean rivers. NeoBiota 38: 23-35 - get paper here Fernández-Ortín, Daniel; Gregorio Sánchez-Montes, Íñigo Martínez-Solano 2019. A catalogue of reptiles of Monfragüe National Park (Spain), with molecular characterization of populations of Blanus WAGLER, 1830 in this protected area. Basic and Applied Herpetology - get paper here Fritz, U., Corti, C., & Päckert, M. 2012. Mitochondrial DNA sequences suggest unexpected phylogenetic position of Corso-Sardinian grass snakes (Natrix cetti) and do not support their species status, with notes on phylogeography and subspecies delineation of grass snakes. Organisms Diversity and Evolution, 12(1), 71–80 - get paper here Fritz, U., Schmidtler, J. F. 2020. The Fifth Labour of Heracles: Cleaning the Linnean stable of names for grass snakes (Natrix astreptophora, N. helvetica, N. natrix sensu stricto). Vertebrate Zoology, 70(4): 621-665 - get paper here Kindler, Carolin; Maxime Chèvre, Sylvain Ursenbacher, Wolfgang Böhme, Axel Hille, Daniel Jablonski, Melita Vamberger & Uwe Fritz 2017. Hybridization patterns in two contact zones of grass snakes reveal a new Central European snake species. Scientific Reports 7: 7378;DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-07847-9 - get paper here Lopez-Seoane,Victor 1885. Identidad de Lacerta schreiberi (Bedriaga) y Lacerta viridis var. Gadovii (BOULENGER), é investigaciones herpetologicas de Galicia. La Coruña [1884]: 19 pp. - get paper here Malkmus, Rudolf 1990. Reptilien und Amphibien aus der Serra de Montemuro/Portugal. Herpetofauna 12 (68): 15-20 - get paper here Malkmus, Rudolf 2018. Quer durch die Serra de Montemuro. Terraria-Elaphe 2018 (5): 40-48 - get paper here Martínez del Mármol, Gabriel; D. James Harris, Philippe Geniez, Philip de Pous, and Daniele Salvi 2019. Amphibians and Reptiles of Morocco. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 478 pp - get paper here Pokrant, Felix; Carolin Kindler, Martin Ivanov, Marc Cheylan, Philippe Geniez, Wolfgang Böhme and Uwe Fritz 2016. Integrative taxonomy provides evidence for the species status of the Ibero-Maghrebian grass snake Natrix astreptophora. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, DOI: 10.1111/bij.12782 - get paper here Santos, X., Pleguezuelos, J. M., Chergui, B., Geniez, P., & Cheylan, M. 2022. Citizen-science data shows long-term decline of snakes in southwestern Europe. Biodiversity and Conservation, 1-17 - get paper here Schlüter, U. 2009. Die Schlangenfauna Europas. Draco 10 (39): 4-21 - get paper here Schöneberg, Y., Winter, S., Arribas, O., Di Nicola, M. R., Master, M., Owens, J. B., Rovatsos M, Wüster W Janke A & Fritz, U. 2023. Genomics reveals broad hybridization in deeply divergent Palearctic grass and water snakes (Natrix spp.) Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 107787 - get paper here Sindaco, R.; Alberto Venchi & Cristina Grieco 2013. The Reptiles of the Western Palearctic, Volume 2: Annotated Checklist and Distributional Atlas of the Snakes of Europe, North Africa, Middle East and Central Asia, with an Update to Volume 1. Edizioni Belvedere, Latina (Italy), 543 pp. - get paper here Speybroeck, Jeroen; Wouter Beukema, Christophe Dufresnes, Uwe Fritz, Daniel Jablonski, Petros Lymberakis, Iñigo Martínez-Solano, Edoardo Razzetti, Melita Vamberger, Miguel Vences, Judit Vörös0, Pierre-André Crochet 2020. Species list of the European herpetofauna – 2020 update by the Taxonomic Committee of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica.. Amphibia-Reptilia 41: 139-189 - get paper here Vega, J. P. G. de la, Barnestein, J. A., del Mármol, G. M., & Mebert, K. 2022. Hybridization between Natrix astreptophoraand Natrix maura: potential cases from Andalusia, Spain Bol. Asoc. Herpetol. Esp. (2021) 32(2) - get paper here
External links	National Center for Biotechnology Information Google images

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