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Nilssonia formosa (GRAY, 1869)

IUCN Red List - Nilssonia formosa - Endangered, EN
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Higher TaxaTrionychidae (Trionychinae), Trionychoidea, Testudines (turtles)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Burmese Soft-shelled Turtle 
SynonymTrionyx formosus GRAY 1869
Trionyx (?) peyuensis GRAY 1870
Nilssonia formosa — GRAY 1872: 332
Trionyx grayii THEOBALD 1875
Trionyx formosus — BOULENGER 1889
Trionyx formosus — ALDERTON 1988
Nilssonia formosa — ERNST & BARBOUR 1989
Nilssonia formosa — KUCHLING et al. 2004
Nilssonia formosa — PRASCHAG et al. 2007
Nilssonia formosa — FRITZ & HAVAŠ 2007
Nilssonia formosa — LIEBING et al. 2012
Nilssonia formosa — TTWG 2014: 416
Nilssonia formosa — TTWG 2021 
DistributionMyanmar (= Burma) (Irrawaddy, Sittang, and Salween rivers), China (Yunnan)

Type locality: "Pegu," Myanmar (= Burma).  
Reproductionoviparous. 
TypesHolotype: BMNH 1946.1.22.11. 
Diagnosis 
CommentThe illustrations of the skull (BMNH 1868.2.12.15) of Trionyx formosus in

WERMUTH & MERTENS (1961: 270, Fig. 191c), copied from Gray (1873a: 46, Figs. 2a-d, as Nilssonia formosa) represent Aspideretes hurum (Boulenger, 1889: 250, synonymy; Meylan, 1987: 95).

According to the molecular data of Engstrom et al. (2004) Aspideretes should be renamed Nillsonia as Nilssonia (GRAY 1872) has priority over Aspideretes (HAY 1903).

Type species: Trionyx formosus GRAY 1869 is the type species of the genus Nilssonia GRAY 1872: 332.

Habitat: freshwater (rivers and tributaries, lakes) 
References
  • Adler, K. 1997. Illustrations of reptiles. Fauna 1 (1): 64-71
  • Alderton, D. 1988. Turtles and tortoises of the world. Facts on File, New York.
  • Bonin, F., Devaux, B. & Dupré, A. 2006. Turtles of the World. English translation by P.C.H. Pritchard. Johns Hopkins University Press, 416 pp.
  • Bour, R. 2008. Global diversity of turtles (Chelonii; Reptilia) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia 595:593–598 - get paper here
  • ENGSTROM, TAG N.; H. BRADLEY SHAFFER AND WILLIAM P. MCCORD 2004. Multiple Data Sets, High Homoplasy, and the Phylogeny of Softshell Turtles (Testudines: Trionychidae). Systematic Biology 53 (5): 693–710 - get paper here
  • Ernst,C.H. and Barbour,R.W. 1989. Turtles of the World. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. - London
  • Gray, J.E. 1869. Notes on the families and genera of tortoises (Testudinata), and on the characters afforded by the study of their skulls. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1869: 165-225. - get paper here
  • Gray, J.E. 1872. Notes on the mud-tortoises of India (Trionyx, Geoffroy). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) 10: 326-340. - get paper here
  • Kuchling, G.; Win Ko Ko; Tint Lwin; Sein Aung Min; Khin Myo Myo, Thin Thin Khaing (II), Win Win Mar & Thin Thin Khaing (I) 2004. The softshell turtles and their exploitation at the upper Chindwin River, Myanmar: range extensions for Amyda cartilaginea, Chitra vandijki, and Nilssonia formosa. Salamandra 40 (3-4): 281-296 - get paper here
  • Li, H., Liu, J., Xiong, L., Zhang, H., Zhou, H., Yin, H., Jing, W., Li, J., Shi, Q., Wang, Y., Liu, J. and Nie, L. 2017. Phylogenetic relationships and divergence dates of softshell turtles (Testudines: Trionychidae) inferred from complete mitochondrial genomes. J. Evol. Biol., doi:10.1111/jeb.13070 - get paper here
  • Liebing, Nicole; Peter Praschag , Rupali Gosh , Karthikeyan Vasudevan , s.M.a. Rashid, Ding-qi Rao , Heiko Stuckas & Uwe Fritz 2012. Molecular phylogeny of the softshell turtle genus Nilssonia revisited, with first records of N. formosa for China and wild-living N. nigricans for Bangladesh. Vertebrate Zoology 62 (2): 261-272 - get paper here
  • Meylan, P.A. 1987. The phylogenetic relationships of soft-shelled turtles (Family Trionychidae). Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 186 (1):1-101. - get paper here
  • Platt, Steven G., Tint Lwin, Aung Lin Htet, Kalyar Platt, Peter Paul Van Dijk and Thomas R. Rainwater. 2016. Nilssonia formosa (Burmese Peacock Softshell Turtle) Morphometrics, coloration, and photograph of neonate. Herpetological Review 47 (1): 125-126 - get paper here
  • Platt, Steven G.; Tint Lwin, Naing Win, Htay Lin Aung, Kalyar Platt & Thomas R. Rainwater, Pp. 2017. An interview-based survey to determine the conservation status of Softshell Turtles (Reptilia: Trionychidae) in the Irrawaddy Dolphin Protected Area, Myanmar. JoTT 9 (12): 10998–11008 - get paper here
  • Praschag, P.; Hundsdörfer, A.K.; Reza, A.H.M.A. & Fritz, U. 2007. Genetic evidence for wild-living Aspideretes nigricans and a molecular phylogeny of South Asian softshell turtles (Reptilia: Trionychidae: Aspideretes, Nilssonia). Zoologica Scripta 36 (4): 301-310 - get paper here
  • Siebenrock, F. 1902. Zur Systematik der Schildkrötenfamilie Trionychidae Bell, nebst der Beschreibung einer neuen Cyclanorbis - Art. Sitzungsber. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien. Math-Naturwiss. Cl. 111: 807-846 - get paper here
  • Theobald, W. 1875. Observations on some Indian and Burmese species of Trionyx, with a rectification of their synonymy and a description of two new species. Proc. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 1875:170-180. - get paper here
  • TTWG; Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., Bour, R., Fritz, U., Georges, A., Shaffer, H.B., and van Dijk, P.P. 2021. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (9th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Stanford, C.B., Goode, E.V., Buhlmann, K.A., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Chelonian Research Monographs 8:1–472. doi:10.3854/crm.8.checklist.atlas.v9.2021. - get paper here
  • Webb, R.G. 2004. Trionychid turtle miscellany. Hamadryad 28 (1&2): 119-121 - get paper here
 
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