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Opheodrys aestivus LINNAEUS, 1766

IUCN Red List - Opheodrys aestivus - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesOpheodrys aestivus aestivus (LINNAEUS 1766)
Opheodrys aestivus carinatus GROBMAN 1984 
Common NamesE: Rough greensnake
aestivus: Northern Rough Greensnake
carinatus: Florida Rough Greensnake
G: Raue Grasnatter
S: Estival Rugosa 
SynonymOpheodrys aestivus aestivus (LINNAEUS 1766)
Coluber Aestivus LINNAEUS 1766: 387
Herpetodryas Aestivus — SCHLEGEL 1837: 151
Herpetodryas Aestivus — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1854: 209
Leptophis aestivus — BAIRD & GIRARD 1853: 106
Leptophis majalis BAIRD & GIRARD 1853: 106
Leptophis majalis — BAIRD & GIRARD in MARCY & MCCLELLAN 1854
Opheodrys aestivus — COPE 1860: 560
Cyclophis aestivus — COPE 1872: 40
Cyclophis aestivus — COPE 1872: 230
Cyclophis aestivus — GARMAN 1884: 40
Cyclophis aestivus — COPE 1900: 784
Phyllophilophis aestivus — GARMAN 1892: 283
Phillophilophis aestivus — HURTER 1893: 256
Contia aestivus — BOULENGER 1894: 258
Cyclophis aestivus — COPE 1900: 784
Opheodrys aestivus majalis — BURGER 1947
Opheodrys aestivus majalis — GROBMAN 1984
Opheodrys aestivus conanti GROBMAN 1984
Opheodrys aestivus carinatus GROBMAN 1984
Opheodrys aestivus — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 189
Opheodrys aestivus — LINER 1994: 96
Opheodrys aestivus carinatus — CROTHER 2000: 68
Opheodrys aestivus — TENNANT & BARTLETT 2000: 310
Opheodrys aestivus majalis — BARTS 2006
Liochlorophis aestivus — MATTISON 2007: 126
Opheodrys aestivus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 506

Opheodrys aestivus carinatus GROBMAN 1984
Opheodrys aestivus carinatus — CROTHER et al. 2012
Opheodrys carinatus — RITTMEYER et al. 2021 
DistributionSE USA (Texas, Oklahoma, E Kansas, Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, S Illinois, S Indiana, S Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, extreme S Pennsylvania),
E Mexico (Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Coahuila)

Type locality: Carolina

carinatus: USA (Florida); Type locality: "Archbold Biological Station,Highlands County, Florida."  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesNeotype: USNM 92473, male (C.W. Burn, 19 July 1933), designated by Grobman, 1984: 161.
Holotype: AMNH 65637, adult male, collected by C.M. Bogert in 1944 [carinatus]
Holotype: USNM 1436 [Leptophis majalis] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (1210 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentSynonymy: mostly after WALLEY 2000. Walley & Plummer 2000 listed Opheodrys aestivus carinatus as a synonym of O. aestivus. However, Rittmeyer et al. 2021 found genetic differences between populations and suggested to elevate carinatus to full species status.

Subspecies: Walley & Plummer 2000 did not recognize any subspecies. Grobman (1984) recognized a new subspecies, O. a. conanti, on the offshore islands of Virginia, on the basis of these snakes having fewer ventrals and subcaudals than do those from other parts of the species' range. Conant et al. (1990), Mitchell (1994), Mitchell and Anderson (1994), and Palmer and Braswell (1995) noted similar reductions in specimens from offshore islands of Virginia and North Carolina, but chose not to recognize O. a. conanti. Grobman (1984) also recognized O. a. carinatus, which he restricted to the southern half of the Florida peninsula on the same premises used by Carr (1940) and Christman (1980), although the latter authors felt that the distinctiveness of these populations was inadequate for recognizing a subspecies. Grobman (1984) also recognized O. a. majalis from northeastern Mexico through central and eastern Texas.

Type species: Coluber Aestivus LINNAEUS 1766 is the type species of the genus Opheodrys FITZINGER 1843. Fitzinger did not use the combination Opheodrys aestivus.

Diet: insectivorous

Habitat: fully arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
EtymologyNamed after the Latin “aestivus” for "summer," in obvious reference to the green dorsal color.

The genus was probably named after Greek opheodis (ὀφεώδης), snake-like. 
References
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  • Weller, W.H. 1930. Records of Some Reptiles and Amphibians from Chimney Rock Camp, Chimney Rock N. C., and Vicinity. Proc. Jr. Soc. Nat. Hist. Cincinnati 1 (8-9): 51-54 [unnumbered pages]
  • Werler, John E. & James R. Dixon 2000. Texas Snakes. University of Texas Press, 544 pages
  • Wilcoxen, Travis E. and Chris T. McAllister. 2015. Geographic Distribution: Opheodrys aestivus (rough greensnake). Herpetological Review 46 (4): 575 - get paper here
  • Williams, Avery A. 2016. Geographic Distribution: Opheodrys aestivus (Rough Greensnake). Herpetological Review 47 (2): 263 - get paper here
  • Wyrwich, Luke, Daniel Benboe, James C. Godwin and Dirk J. Stevenson. 2011. Geographic Distribution: Opheodrys aestivus (rough greensnake). Herpetological Review 42 (3): 395 - get paper here
 
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As link to this species use URL address:

https://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Opheodrys&species=aestivus

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