Orlitia borneensis GRAY, 1873

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Higher Taxa	Geoemydidae (Geoemydinae), Testudinoidea, Testudines (turtles)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Malayan Giant Turtle, Century Turtle G: Borneo Flussschildkröte
Synonym	Orlitia borneensis GRAY 1873: 157 Clemmys (Heteroclemmys) gibbera PETERS 1874 Bellia borneensis — BOULENGER 1889 Bellia borneensis — WERNER 1900: 481 Hardella baileyi BARTLETT 1895 Adelochelys crassa BAUR 1896 Brookeia baileyi BARTLETT 1896 (fide SIEBENROCK 1904) Liemys inornata BOULENGER 1897: 469 Orlitia borneensis — KING & BURKE 1989 Orlitia borneensis — MANTHEY & GROSSMANN 1997: 452 Orlitia borneensis — COX et al. 1998: 130 Orlitia borneensis — TTWG 2014
Distribution	Malaysia (S Malay peninsula), Indonesia (Sumatra, Borneo) Type locality: “Borneo” Type locality: Pulo Matjan [Kalimantan] (Borneo) [Clemmys gibbera PETERS]
Reproduction	oviparous.
Types	Holotype: BMNH 1947.3.4.9. Holotype: ZMB 5022 [Clemmys (Heteroclemmys) gibbera PETERS 1874]
Diagnosis
Comment	One of the biggest emydids (batagurids) with a carapace length of up to 80 cm. Type species: Orlitia borneensis GRAY 1873: 157 is the type species of the genus Orlitia GRAY 1873: 156. Habitat: freshwater (Rivers, lakes)
Etymology	Named after its distribution on Borneo (Indonesia).
References	Auliya, M. 2006. Taxonomy, Life History, and conservation of giant reptiles in west Kalimantan. Natur und Tier Verlag, Münster, 432 pp. - get paper here Boulenger, G.A. 1897. Description of a new genus and species of Tortoises from Borneo. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 19: 468-469 - get paper here Bour, R. 2008. Global diversity of turtles (Chelonii; Reptilia) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia 595:593–598 Chan-ard,T.; Grossmann,W.; Gumprecht,A. & Schulz,K. D. 1999. Amphibians and reptiles of peninsular Malaysia and Thailand - an illustrated checklist [bilingual English and German]. Bushmaster Publications, Würselen, Gemany, 240 pp. [book review in Russ. J Herp. 7: 87] - get paper here Cox, Merel J.; Van Dijk, Peter Paul; Jarujin Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt,Kumthorn 1998. A Photographic Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. Ralph Curtis Publishing, 144 pp. Ernst,C.H. and Barbour,R.W. 1989. Turtles of the World. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. - London Gray,J.E. 1873. On a new freshwater tortoise from Borneo (Orlitia borneensis). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) 11: 156-157 - get paper here Husson, S.J.; S.H. Limin, Adul, N.S. Boyd, J.J. Brousseau, S. Collier, S.M. Cheyne, L.J. D’Arcy, R.A. Dow, N.W. Dowds, M.L. Dragiewicz, D.A. Ehlers Smith, Iwan, Hendri, P.R. Houlihan, K.A. Jeffers, B.J.M. Jarrett, I.P. Kulu, H.C. Morrogh-Bernard, S.E 2018. Biodiversity of the Sebangau tropical peat swamp forest, Indonesian Borneo. Mires and Peat 22 (05): 1–50 - get paper here Jamniczky, H. A. and A. P. Russell 2004. A geometric morphometric assessment of the 'batagurine process' of testudinoid turtles. Amphibia-Reptilia 25 (4): 369-379 - get paper here Lee, J. C.I.; Tsai, L.C.; Liao, S.P.; Linacre, A. & Hsieh, H.M. 2009. Species identiﬁcation using the cytochrome b gene of commercial turtle shells. Forensic Science International: Genetics 3: 67–73 Ludwig, Maxim; Auer, Markus; Fritz, Uwe 2007. Phalangeal formulae of geoemydid terrapins (Batagur, Callagur, Hardella, Heosemys, Kachuga, Orlitia, Pangshura, Rhinoclemmys) reflect distinct modes of life. Amphibia-Reptilia 28 (4): 574-576 - get paper here Manthey, U. & Grossmann, W. 1997. Amphibien & Reptilien Südostasiens. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 512 pp. - get paper here McCord, W.P. & Joseph-Ouni, M. 2003. Chelonian Illustrations #10. Monotypic genera of the family Geoemydidae. Reptilia (GB) (30): 34-38 - get paper here Peters, Wilhem Carl Hartwig 1874. Über neue Amphibien (Gymnopis, Siphonops, Polypedates, Rhacophorus, Hyla, Cyclodus, Euprepes, Clemmys). Monatsber. königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin. 1874 (October): 616-624 - get paper here Schilde, M. 2004. Asiatische Sumpfschildkröten - Die Familie Geoemydidae in Südostasien, China und Japan. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 192 pp. - get paper here Setiyabudi, Erick; Akio Takahashi, and Yosuke Kaifu 2016. First Certain Fossil Record of Orlitia borneensis (Testudines: Geoemydidae) from the Pleistocene of Central Java, Indonesia. Current Herpetology Aug 2016, Vol. 35, No. 2: 75-82. - get paper here Siebenrock, F. 1902. Brookeia Baileyi E. Bartlett und Adelochelys crassa Baur. Zool. Anz. 25: 671-673 - get paper here Siebenrock, F. 1904. Zur Systematik der Schilkröten-Gattung Orlitia Gray. Zool. Anz. 27: 580-582 TEYNIÉ, ALEXANDRE; PATRICK DAVID, & ANNEMARIE OHLER 2010. Note on a collection of Amphibians and Reptiles from Western Sumatra (Indonesia), with the description of a new species of the genus Bufo. Zootaxa 2416: 1–43 - get paper here TTWG [Peter Paul van Dijk, John B. Iverson, Anders G.J. Rhodin, H. Bradley Shaffer, and Roger Bour] 2014. Turtles of the World, 7th Edition: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution with Maps, and Conservation Status. 000.v7. Chelonian Research Monographs (ISSN 1088-7105) No. 5, doi:10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v7.2014 - get paper here Werner, F. 1900. Reptilien und Batrachier aus Sumatra, gesammelt Herrn. Gustav Schneider jr., im Jahre 1897-1898. Zool. Jahrb. (syst) 13: 479-508 - get paper here
External links	IUCN Red List - Orlitia borneensis - Endangered, EN National Center for Biotechnology Information http://www.chelonia.org/orlitia_gallery.htm Google images

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