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Oxybelis koehleri JADIN, BLAIR, ORLOFSKE, JOWERS, RIVAS, VITT, RAY, SMITH & MURPHY, 2020

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Köhler’s Vine Snake 
SynonymOxybelis koehleri JADIN, BLAIR, ORLOFSKE, JOWERS, RIVAS, VITT, RAY, SMITH & MURPHY 2020
Oxybelis aeneus — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1854: 819
Dryophis acuminata – GÜNTHER 1858: 156 (part)
Dryophis (Coluber) acuminatus — GÜNTHER 1860: 233 (part)
Dryiophis acuminata — COPE 1878: 34
Oxybelis acuminata – BOULENGER 1896: 192
Oxybelis acuminatus — BOCOURT 1897
Oxybelis acuminatus — BARBOUR 1916
Oxybelis acuminatus — STUART 1935: 53
Oxybelis aeneus aeneus – BOGERT & OLIVER 1945: 381
Oxybelis aeneus – KEISER 1974: 7
Oxybelis koehleri — MARTÍNEZ-FONSECA et al. 2024 
DistributionGuatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica

Type locality: Guatemala: El Arenal (circa 560 m, 14° 53′ 1.788′′ N, 89° 46′ 31.799′′ W) of the Municipio Cabañas in the Department of Zacapa  
Reproduction 
TypesHolotype: UTA R-46846 (ENS 9858), a female. Collected by a local between Feb and May 1998, preserved 24 Aug 1998.
Paratypes: UTA R-44838 Nicaragua: Jinotega, El Paraiso Km 152.5, carretera Jinotega-Matagalpa, 1490 m; UTA R-46865 Honduras: Comayagua, Playitos: Aldea “Lo de Reina”, 785 m. UTA R-53176–77 Honduras: Gracias a Dios, Mocorón, 30–50 m. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: A vine snake with (1) three upper labials (4–5–6) bordering the orbit; (2) black spots or bars on anterior body, brown uniform brown with little black pigment; (3) labials white and underside of head red–brown with a medial red–brown stripe in females; (4) eye diameter greater than preocular length; (5) second pair of chin shields in contact for most of their length; (6) nine upper labials, three located behind the orbit; (7) snout from above is narrow, tapered, and rounded (snout type A); (8) supraocular is longer than the prefrontal; (9) last upper labial and primary temporal about the same length; and (11) second upper labial does not contact the preocular.


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CommentHabitat: fully arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018, by implication).

Distribution: While Jadin et al. 2020 say that the species occurs “from Guatemala to Costa Rica, their map (Fig. 3) doesn’t mention this species but only vaguely refers to “Central American” specimens, which actually do not reach Costa Rica but only N Honduras. Hence the range of this species remains a somewhat unclear. 
EtymologyNamed after Gunther Köhler, German herpetologist who has contributed greatly to the knowledge on the systematics and natural history of Central American amphibians and reptiles. 
References
  • Bogert, Charles M.; Oliver, James A. 1945. A preliminary analysis of the herpetofauna of Sonora. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 83 (6): 297-426 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1896. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum, Vol. 3. London (Taylor & Francis), xiv + 727 pp. - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1878. Synopsis of the cold blooded Vertebrata, procured by Prof. James Orton, during his exploration of Peru in 1876-77. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 17: 33-49 [1877] - get paper here
  • Duméril, A. M. C., Bibron, G. & DUMÉRIL, A. H. A., 1854. Erpétologie générale ou histoire naturelle complète des reptiles. Tome septième. Deuxième partie, comprenant l'histoire des serpents venimeux. Paris, Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret: i-xii + 781-1536 - get paper here
  • Günther, A. 1858. Catalogue of Colubrine snakes of the British Museum. London, I - XVI, 1 - 281 - get paper here
  • Günther, A. 1860. Third list of the col-blooded vertebrata collected by Mr. Fraser in Ecuador. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1860: 233-240 - get paper here
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • Hilje B, Chaves G, Klank J, Timmerman F, Feltham J, Gillingwater S, Piraino T, Rojas E 2020. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Tirimbina Biological Reserve: a baseline for conservation, research and environmental education in a lowland tropical wet forest in Costa Rica. Check List 16(6): 1633-1655 - get paper here
  • Jadin RC, Jowers MJ, Orlofske SA, Duellman WE, Blair C, Murphy JC 2021. A new vine snake (Reptilia, Colubridae, Oxybelis) from Peru and redescription of O. acuminatus. Evolutionary Systematics 5(1): 1-12 - get paper here
  • Jadin, R.C., Blair, C., Orlofske, S.A. et al. 2020. Not withering on the evolutionary vine: systematic revision of the Brown Vine Snake (Reptilia: Squamata: Oxybelis) from its northern distribution. Org Divers Evol (2020) - get paper here
  • Keiser, E. D., Jr. 1974. A systematic study of the neotropical vine snake Oxybelis aeneus (Wagler). Bull. Texas Mem. Mus. 22: 1-51.
  • Laking AE, Solís JM, Brown T, Maddock ST, Burdekin O, Taylor P, Lonsdale G, Green SEW, Martin TE, Galdamez JR, Kolby JE, Erens J, Jocque M 2024. The amphibians and reptiles of Cusuco National Park, Northwest Honduras: updates from a long-term conservation programme. In: Lipińska M, Lopez-Selva MM, Sierra JM (Eds) Biodiversity research in Central America. Neotropical Biology and Conservation 19(2): 37-62 - get paper here
  • Martínez-Fonseca JG, Holmes IA, Sunyer J, Westeen EP, Grundler MR, Cerda PA, Fernández-Mena MA, Loza-Molina JC, Monagan IV Jr., Nondorf D, Pandelis GG, Rabosky ARD 2023. A collection and analysis of amphibians and reptiles from Nicaragua with new country and departmental records. Check List 20(1): 58-125 - get paper here
  • Stuart, L. C. 1935. A contribution to a knowledge of the herpetology of a portion of the savanna region of Central Peten, Guatemala. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology Miscellaneous Publications 29: 1-56 - get paper here
  • Sunyer, Javier & José́ Gabriel Martínez-Fonseca 2023. An updated country checklist to the amphibians and reptiles of Nicaragua. REVISTA NICARAGÜENSE DE BIODIVERSIDAD (100): 1-25 - get paper here
 
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