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Paleosuchus palpebrosus (CUVIER, 1807)

IUCN Red List - Paleosuchus palpebrosus - , LR
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Higher TaxaAlligatoridae, Crocodylia, crocodiles (alligators) 
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Dwarf caiman, Cuvier's smooth-fronted caiman
Local names: Jacaré pagua, Cachirre, Cocodrilo, Musky caiman.
G: Brauen-Glattstirnkaimans 
SynonymCrocodilus palpebrosus CUVIER 1807: 35
Jacaretinga moschifer SPIX 1825 (fide DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1836: 69)
Champsa gibbiceps NATTERER 1840: 324
Champsa palpebrosa — WAGLER 1830: 140
Alligator palpebrosus — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1836: 67
Paleosuchus palpebrosus — KING & BURKE 1989
Paleosuchus palpebrosus — GORZULA & SEÑARIS 1999 
DistributionBolivia, Brazil (Goias, Acre etc.), Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana ?, NE Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Venezuela, Trinidad

Type locality: "Cayenne," French Guiana. Map legend:
TDWG region - Region according to the TDWG standard, not a precise distribution map.

NOTE: TDWG regions are generated automatically from the text in the distribution field and not in every cases it works well. We are working on it.
 
Reproductionoviparous. 
TypesHolotype: MNHN 7530, according to Vaillant 1898, and MNHN 7531 according to Vaillant 1898. 
CommentDistribution: Slightly larger distribution than that of the sympatric Paleosuchus trigonatus, extending into Paraguay and further into Brazil. Not listed for Guyana fide Cole et al. 2013. 
References
  • Ali, Saiyaad H.; Nalini Rampersad-Ali and John C. Murphy 2016. The discovery of Cuvier’s Dwarf Caiman, Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Reptilia: Alligatoridae) in Trinidad J. Trinidad and Tobago Field Naturalist’s Club - get paper here
  • Barban Zucoloto, Rodrigo; Priscilla Marqui Schmidt Villela; Luciano Martins Verdade and Luiz Lehmann Coutinho 2006. Cross-species microsatellite amplification in South American Caimans (Caiman spp and Paleosuchus palpebrosus). Genetics and Molecular Biology 29 (1): 75-78
  • Bernarde, Paulo Sérgio;, Reginaldo Assêncio Machado & Luiz Carlos Batista Turci 2011. Herpetofauna da área do Igarapé Esperança na Reserva Extrativista Riozinho da Liberdade, Acre – Brasil. Biota Neotrop. 11 (3): 117-144 - get paper here
  • Campos, Zilca and Tãnia M. Sanaiotti. 2006. Paleosuchus palpebrosus Nesting. Herpetological Review 37 (1): 81 - get paper here
  • Campos, Zilca, Tânia Sanaiotti, Vanílio Marques and William E. Magnusson. 2015. Geographic Variation in Clutch Size and Reproductive Season of the Dwarf Caiman, Paleosuchus palpebrosus, in Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 49 (1): 95-98
  • Campos, Zilca; Sanaiotti, Tânia; Magnusson, William E. 2010. Maximum size of dwarf caiman, Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Cuvier, 1807), in the Amazon and habitats surrounding the Pantanal, Brazil. Amphibia-Reptilia 31: 439-442 - get paper here
  • Campos, Zilca; William E. Magnusson, and Vanílio Marques 2013. Growth Rates of Paleosuchus palpebrosus at the Southern Limit of its Range. Herpetologica Dec 2013, Vol. 69, No. 4: 405-410. - get paper here
  • Carvalho, Elildo A.R.; Jr. and Victor B.G. Véras Batista 2013. Distribution and Abundance of Caiman latirostris and Paleosuchus palpebrosus at Grande Serao Veredas <br />National Park, Central Brazil. Herp. Cons. Biol. 8 (3) - get paper here
  • CATENAZZI, A., LEHR, E. & VON MAY, R. 2013. The amphibians and reptiles of Manu National Park and its buffer zone, Amazon basin and eastern slopes of the Andes, Peru. Biota Neotrop. 13(4): 269-283
  • Cuvier, G. 1807. Sur les différentes especes de crocodiles vivans et sur leurs caracteres distinctifs. Ann. Natl. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 10: 8-86. - get paper here
  • Duméril, A.M. C. and G. Bibron. 1836. Erpetologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complete des Reptiles. Vol. 3. Libr. Encyclopédique Roret, Paris, 528 pp. - get paper here
  • Gorzula, Stefan & Senaris, J. Celsa 1999. In: Contribution to the herpetofauna of the Venezuelan Guayana. I: a data base. Scientia Guaianae, Caracas, No. 8 [1998], 269+ pp.; ISBN 980-6020-48-0
  • Hoogmoed M.S.; de Avila-Pires T C S 1991. Annotoated checklist of the herpetofauna of Petit Saut, Sinnamary River, French Guiana. Zoologische Mededelingen 65: 53-88 - get paper here
  • Magnusson W E 1992. Paleosuchus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 553: 1-4 - get paper here
  • Magnusson W E 1992. Paleosuchus palpebrosus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 554: 1-2 - get paper here
  • Medem, F. 1953. Contribuciones a la taxonomía y distribución del yacaré negro, Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Cuvier) en Colombia. Rev. Colomb. Antropologia 1 (1): 409-419
  • Medem, F. 1967. El genero Paleosuchus en Amazonia. Atas do Simp.sobre Biota Amaz. 3: 141-162
  • Medem, F. 1972. El primer nacimiento de Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae). Rev. Acad. Colomb. Ci., Ex., Fis., Nat. 53: 33-36
  • Merchant, Mark, Shirley, Matthew H. and Watson, Charles M. 2016. Paleosuchus spp. (Dwarf Caiman) and Osteolaemus spp (Dwarf Crocodile) Defense mechanisms Herpetological Review 47 (4): 660-663
  • Miles, Lee G.; Stacey L. Lance; Sally R. Isberg; <br />Chris Moran; Travis C. Glenn 2009. Cross-species amplification of microsatellites in crocodilians: assessment and applications for the future. Conserv Genet. 10:935–954
  • Miranda, Daniele Bazzo; Nathocley Mendes Venâncio, Saymon de Albuquerque 2014. Rapid survey of the herpetofauna in an area of forest management in eastern Acre, Brazil. Check List 10 (4): 893-899 - get paper here
  • Morais, Drausio H.; Christine Strüssmann, Vinícius T. de Carvalho and Ricardo A. Kawashita-Ribeiro. 2010. First record of Amblyomma rotundatum Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitizing Paleosuchus palpebrosus Cuvier, 1807 (Reptilia:Crocodylidae), in the western border of Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil). Herpetology Notes 3: 133 - get paper here
  • Morato, S.A.A.; Calixto, P.O.; Mendes, L.R.; Gomes, R.; Galatti, U.; Trein, F.L.; Oliveira, F.S.; Ferreira, G.N. 2014. Guia fotográfico de identificação da herpetofauna da Floresta Nacional de Saracá-Taquera, Estado do Pará. Curitiba: STCP Engenharia de Projetos Ltda.; Porto Trombetas: MRN – Mineração Rio do Norte S.A.; 213 p. - get paper here
  • Natterer, Johann 1840. Beitrag zur näheren Kenntniss der südamerikanischen Alligatoren, nach gemeinschaftlichen Untersuchungen mit L.J. Fitzinger. Ann. naturhist. Hof. Mus. Wien 2: 311-324
  • Nickel, H. & Auliya, M. 2004. Krokodile - faszinierende Überlebenskünstler. Draco 5 (20): 4-19 - get paper here
  • Piras, Paolo; Luciano Teresi; Angela D. Buscalioni and Jorge Cubo 2009. The shadow of forgotten ancestors differently constrains the fate of Alligatoroidea and Crocodyloidea. Global Ecology and Biogeography (Global Ecol. Biogeogr.) 18: 30–40
  • RIVAS, GILSON A.; CÉSAR R. MOLINA, GABRIEL N. UGUETO, TITO R. BARROS, CÉSAR L. BAR- RIO-AMORÓS & PHILIPPE J. R. KOK 2012. Reptiles of Venezuela: an updated and commented checklist. Zootaxa 3211: 1–64 - get paper here
  • Roberto, Igor Joventino and Ciro Ginez Albano. 2014. Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Cuvier's smooth-fronted caiman). Herpetological Review 45 (1): 121-122
  • Roos, Jonas; Ramesh K. Aggarwal, Axel Janke 2007. Extended mitogenomic phylogenetic analyses yield new insight into crocodylian evolution and their survival of the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 45: 663–673 - get paper here
  • Santos, D.L.; S.P. Andrade; E.P. Victor-Jr.; W. Vaz-Silva 2014. Amphibians and reptiles from southeastern Goiás, Central Brazil. Check List 10 (1): 131-148 - get paper here
  • Scott, N.J.;Aquino, A.L.;Fitzgerald, L.A. 1990. Distribution, habitats, and conservation of the caimans (Alligatoridae) of Paraguay. Vida Silv. Neotrop. 2 (2): 43-51
  • Silva Campos, Z.M. da; Coutinho, M.E. & Abercrombie, C. 2004. Ecologia e status de conservação do jacaré-paguá nas montanhas do Amolar, Pantanal Sul. Comunicado Técnico 31: 1-4
  • Spix, J. B. von 1825. Animalia nova sive species nova lacertarum quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX jussu et auspicius Maximiliani Josephi I Bavariae Regis suscepto collegit et descripsit Dr. J. B. de Spix. Lipsiae: T. O. Weigel; F. S. Hübschmanni, Monachii, 26 pp.
  • Thireau, Michel;Sprackland, Robert George; Sprackland, Teri 1998. A report on Seba's specimens in the herpetological collection of the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, and their status as Linnaean types. The Linnean 13 (4): 38-45 - get paper here
  • Trutnau, L. & Sommerlad, R. 2006. Krokodile - Biologie und Haltung. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 646 pp. [review in Reptilia Münster 11 (6): 95-96]
  • Trutnau, L. & Sommerlad, R. 2006. Crocodilians. Their natural history and captive husbandry. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 646 pp. [review in Reptilia GB 48: 8-10]
  • Vaillant, M.L. 1898. Contribution à l'Etude des émydosaurians. Catalogue raisonné des jacaretinga et alligator de la collection du museum. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris (3) 10: 143-212 - get paper here
  • Vaz-Silva, W. et al. 2007. Herpetofauna, Espora Hydroelectric Power Plant, state of Goiás, Brazil. Check List 3 (4): 338-345 - get paper here
  • Vogt, R.C.; Ferrara, C.R.; Bernhard, R.; Carvalho, V.T.; Balensiefer, D.C.; Bonora, L.; Novelle, S.M.H. 2007. Capítulo 9. Herpetofauna. p. 127-143. In: Rapp Py-Daniel, L.; Deus, C.P.; Henriques, A.L.; Pimpão, D.M.; Ribeiro, O.M. (orgs.). Biodiversidade do Médio Madeira: Bases científicas para propostas de conservação. INPA: Manaus, 244pp.
  • Wermuth,H. & Fuchs,K. 1978. Bestimmen von Krokodilen und ihrer Häute. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart - New York, 100 pages, [ISBN 3-437-30268-X]
  • Willis, Ray E. 2009. Transthyretin gene (TTR) intron 1 elucidates crocodylian phylogenetic relationships. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 53 (3): 1049-1054 - get paper here
  • Ziegler, T. & Olbort, S. 2004. Genitalstrukturen und Geschlechtsunterscheidung bei Krokodilen. Draco 5 (20): 39-47 - get paper here
  • Ziegler, T.; Behrmann, H.-J.; Beek, B. & Rütz, N. 2004. Erste Naturbruten des Brauen-Glattstirnkaimans (Paleosuchus palpebrosus) im Aquarium des Kölner Zoos. Draco 5 (20): 28-31 - get paper here
 
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