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Paroedura sanctijohannis GÜNTHER, 1879

IUCN Red List - Paroedura sanctijohannis - Endangered, EN
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Higher TaxaGekkonidae, Gekkota, Sauria, Squamata (lizards: geckos)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Comoro Ground Gecko 
SynonymParoedura sancti johannis GÜNTHER 1879: 218
Phyllodactylus sancti-johannis — BOULENGER 1885: 86
Phyllodactylus sancti-johannis — ANGEL 1942: 49
Phyllodactylus sancti-johannis — GUIBÉ 1956: 248
Phyllodactylus sanctijohannis — WERMUTH 1965: 144
Paroedura sanctijohannis — KLUGE 1993
Paroedura sanctijohannis — RÖSLER 2000: 101 
DistributionComoro Islands (Johanna, Anjouan, Moheli)

Type locality: Johanna Island, Comoro Islands.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: BMNH 1877.8.9.33 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus): Paroedura species range from about 42–110mm in maximum SVL. They are of medium to heavy build, with a cylindrical body and noticeably large head. As in all gekkonids, eyelids do not function. Paroedura is quite variable in color, but generally is a shade of brown, often with bands, spots, or reticulations. Paroedura can be distinguished from other geckos by the following combination of characteristics: hyoid without second ceratobranchial cartilages; stapedial foramen absent; frontal single; parietal paired; dorsal skin co-ossified to skull; scleral ossicles number 14; cloacal bones present; phalangeal formula 2-3-4-5-3/2-3-4-5-4 (manus/pes); paraphalangeal elements absent; eye with vertical pupil with notched margins; digits free, expanded at tips which have a single pair of adhesive pads (leaf toes); claws present; dorsal scalation granular with scattered or uniform tubercles that are sometimes spiny; preanal pores absent; tail generally thick, tapering, often with whorls of spines; females lay two hard-shelled eggs (Kluge 1967, Dixon and Kroll 1974, Bauer et al. 1997, Nussbaum and Raxworthy 2000). 
CommentType species: Paroedura sancti johannis GÜNTHER 1879 is the type species of the genus Paroedura GÜNTHER 1879. The genus was later synonymized with Phyllodactylus, but resurrected by Dixon & Kroll (1974). 
EtymologyNamed after Johanna (Anjouan) Island (Comoro Islands). 
References
  • Angel, F. 1942. Les Lézards de Madagascar. Mem. Acad. Malagache, Tananarive XXXVI: 193 pp.
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. Geckonidae, Eublepharidae, Uroplatidae, Pygopodidae, Agamidae. London: 450 pp. - get paper here
  • Carretero, M.A.; Harris, J.D. & Rocha, S. 2005. Recent observation of reptiles in the Comoro islands (Western Indian Ocean). Herpetological Bulletin (91): 19-28
  • Dixon, J. R., and J. C. Kroll. 1974. Resurrection of the generic name Paroedura for the phyllodactyline geckos of Madagascar, and description of a new species. Copeia 1974 (1): 24—30. - get paper here
  • Glaw,F.; Schmidt, K. & Vences,M. 2003. Nachtgeckos aus Madagaskar. DATZ 56 (9): 6-11
  • Guibé, J. 1956. Revision des espèces du genre Phyllodactylus Gray. Mem. Inst. Sci. Madagascar ser. A., 10: 245-250
  • Günther, A. 1879. On mammals and reptiles from Johanna, Comoro Islands. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 3:215-219. - get paper here
  • Hawlitschek, O. & Glaw, F. 2012. The complex colonization history of nocturnal geckos (Paroedura) in the Comoros Archipelago. Zoologica Scripta 42 (2): 135–150 [online Dec 2012, in print March 2013] - get paper here
  • Hawlitschek, Oliver; Boris Brückmann, Johannes Berger, Katie Green, Frank Glaw 2011. Integrating field surveys and remote sensing data to study distribution, habitat use and conservation status of the herpetofauna of the Comoro Islands. ZooKeys 144: 21-79 - get paper here
  • Jackman,Todd R.; Aaron M. Bauer, Eli Greenbaum, Frank Glaw and Miguel Vences 2008. Molecular phylogenetic relationships among species of the Malagasy-Comoran gecko genus Paroedura (Squamata: Gekkonidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 46 (1): 74-81 - get paper here
  • Rösler, H. 2000. Kommentierte Liste der rezent, subrezent und fossil bekannten Geckotaxa (Reptilia: Gekkonomorpha). Gekkota 2: 28-153
 
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