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Phalotris spegazzinii (BOULENGER, 1913)

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymElapomorphus spegazzinii BOULENGER 1913: 49
Elapomorphus bilineatus spegazzinii — LEMA 1978
Elapomorphus lemniscatus spegazzinii — LEMA 1979
Elapomorphus (Phalotris) spegazzinii spegazzinii — LEMA 1984
Elapomorphus spegazzinii spegazzinii — WILLIAMS & FRANCINI 1991
Elapomorphus (Phalotris) spegazzinii spegazzinii — CEI 1993
Phalotris spegazzinii — DE LEMA 2002
Phalotris bilineatus — CABRERA 2004 (part.)
Phalotris bilineatus — GIRAUDO et al. 2012 (part.)
Phalotris spegazzini — CABRAL & CACCIALI 2015 (part.)
Phalotris lemniscatus – CACCIALI et al. 2016 (part.)
Phalotris lemniscatus – SCROCCHI et al. 2022 
DistributionS Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina (Mendoza, San Juan, San Luis, La Pampa)

Type locality: La Plata.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: MSNG 30651 (Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova) 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Phalotris spegazzinii can be distinguished from the other species of the group by a unique combination of the following characters: head dorsally black, some specimens with rostral and first supralabials lighter and ventrally almost black (vs. light areas, blotches, or both, present on rostral and supralabials of other species of the group, completely black in P. illustrator and ventrally mostly white in other species of the group, but completely black in P. illustrator); nuchal collars absent (vs. present in other species of the group, except for P. bilineatus and P. illustrator) but with two light dots behind parietals (vs. absent in all others species); ventral shields are almost completely black except for the posterior border lighter (vs. venter almost uniformly black in P. illustrator, and white or with black blotches in all other species); sides of the body with a black stripe 3–4 scales width in 3–5th or 2–5th dorsal rows (vs. narrow lateral black stripe in others species, except for P. reticulatus and P. illustrator); cloacal black ring present (vs. absent in P. multipunctatus); rostral well separated from the prefrontal (vs. rostral contacting the prefrontal or slightly separated in P. bilineatus). (Scrocchi et al. 2022)


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CommentVenomous!

Synonymy: see P. lemniscatus with which this species has been synonymized previously.

Distribution: See map in Scorcchi et al. 2002: 51 (Fig. 3). 
EtymologyNamed after Carlos Luis Spegazzini (Carlo Luigi Spegazzini) (1858-1926), Argentine botanist born in Italy. (Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., April 2024) 
References
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  • Amaral, A. do 1924. New genus and species of South American snakes contained in the United States National Museum. J. Washington Acad. Sci. 14: 200-202 - get paper here
  • Avila, Fernanda de; Juliano Oliveira, Mateus de Oliveira, Marcio Borges-Martins, Victor Hugo Valiati, Alexandro Tozetti 2019. Does color polymorphism affect the predation risk on Phalotris lemniscatus (Duméril, Bibron and Duméril, 1854) (Serpentes, Dipsadidae)? Acta Herpetologica 14 (1): 57-63 - get paper here
  • Bérnils, R.S.; Batista, M.A. & Bertelli, P.W. 2001. Cobras e lagartos do Vale: levantamento das espécies de Squamata (Reptilia, Lepidosauria) da Bacia do Rio Itajai, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Rev. Est. Ambientais (Blumenau) 3 (1): 69-79
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  • Boulenger,G.A. 1889. Description of a new snake and two new fishes obtained by Dr. H. von Ihering in Brazil. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 4: 265-267 - get paper here
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