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Phalotris concolor FERRAREZZI, 1993

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymPhalotris concolor FERRAREZZI 1993
Phalotris concolor — DE LEMA 2002
Phalotris concolor — MOURA et al. 2013
Phalotris concolor — WALLACH et al. 2014: 546
Phalotris concolor — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019
Phalotris cerradensis SILVEIRA 2020 
DistributionBrazil (N Minas Gerais, Bahia)

Type locality: Brazil: Minas Gerais: Cristália municipality (17°S, 43°W, near Grão Mogol), on the bank of the Tacambiruçu River, tributary of the right bank of the Jequitinhonha River. Corrected to Itacambiruçu, 16°40’S, 42°44’W, by Moura et al. 2013.

cerradensis: Brazil (Bahia); Type locality: Fazenda Trijunção, município de Cocos, estado da Bahia, Brasil; 14,820974° S, 45,973111° O, 867 m elevation.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: IBSP (= IB) 55018, adult female.
Holotype: CHUNB 51553, juvenile male, coletado em 05-11/XI/2006, por Guarino R. Colli [cerradensis] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Phalotris concolor can be diagnosed by the following combination of characters: 15-15-15 smooth dorsal scale rows, without apical pits; temporal formula 1+1 (1+1+1 in one side of the head of the holotype); pointed snout with prominent rostral shield; internasal suture absent (n=1) or present (n=2); lower postocular reduced in size; six supralabials, the second and third contacting the eye; seven infralabials, the first four contacting the first pair of chinshields; 212 ventrals in the known male, 220-224 in females; 34 divided subcaudals in the male, 28-29 in females; cloacal shield divided; head dark brown above and ventrally cream; body red, reddish orange or light brown on the dorsum, and uniform cream ventrally; light nuchal collar three scales wide, and dark neck collar 2-3 scales wide. Hemipenis deeply bilobed. Table I shows a summary of morphometric and meristic data of P. concolor (Moura et al. 2013).


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CommentMildly venomous.

Synonymy: Entiauspe-Neto et al. 2021 synonymized P. cerradensis with P. concolor.

P. concolor is distinguishable from other species of the group by the presence of an anterior temporal plate, higher ventral counts (224 ventrals), and uniform dorsal colouration.

This species was described on the basis of a single female, and is now known from only four specimens (Entiauspe-Neto et al. 2021). 
EtymologyO epíteto específico “cerradensis” é um adjetivo latinizado, significando “que ocorre no Cerrado”, referindo-se ao bioma no qual a nova espécie foi descoberta. 
References
  • DE LEMA, T. 2002. New species of Phalotris from northern Brazil with notes on the nasutus group (Serpentes: Elapomorphinae). Comunicacoes do Museu de Ciencias e Tecnologia da PUCRS Serie Zoologia, 15(2): 201-214.
  • Entiauspe-Neto, Omar Machado; Arthur Tiutenko, Weverton dos Santos Azevedo, & Arthur Diesel Abegg 2021. Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence: on the taxonomic identity of Phalotris cerradensis Silveira, 2020. Revue suisse de Zoologie 128(1): 53-60
  • Ferrarezzi H. 1993. Nota sobre o genero Phalotris com revisao do grupo nasutus e descricao de tres novas especies (Serpentes, Colubridae, Xenodontinae). Mem. Inst. Butantan 55 (SUPPL. 1): 21-38. - get paper here
  • Freitas, Marco Antonio de; Guarino R. Colli, Omar Machado Entiauspe-Neto, Luiz Trinchão, Daniel Araújo, Tiago de Oliveira Lima, Daniella Pereira Fagundes de França, Renato Gaiga, Pedro Dias 2016. Snakes of Cerrado localities in western Bahia, Brazil. Check List 12 (3): 1896 - get paper here
  • Moura, Mario Ribeiro; Henrique Caldeira Costa & Renata Magalhães Pirani 2013. Rediscovery of Phalotris concolor (Serpentes: Dipsadidae: Elapomorphini). ZOOLOGIA 30 (4): 430–436 - get paper here
  • Nogueira, Cristiano C.; Antonio J.S. Argôlo, Vanesa Arzamendia, Josué A. Azevedo, Fausto E. Barbo, Renato S. Bérnils, Bruna E. Bolochio, Marcio Borges-Martins, Marcela Brasil-Godinho, Henrique Braz, Marcus A. Buononato, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American J. Herp. 14 (Special Issue 1):1-274 - get paper here
  • Silveira, Adriano Lima 2020. UMA NOV A ESPÉCIE DE Phalotris (SERPENTES, DIPSADIDAE) DO CERRADO NO NORDESTE DO BRASIL. Acta Biologica Brasiliensia 3 (1): 47-67
  • Vitt, L. J.; Caldwell, J. P.; Colli, G. R.; Garda, A. A.; Mesquita, D. O.; França, F. G. R. e Balbino, S. F. 2002. Um guia fotográfico dos répteis e anfíbios da região do Jalapão no Cerrado brasileiro. Norman, Oklahoma: Special Publications in Herpetology. San Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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