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Phalotris reticulatus (PETERS, 1860)

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesPortuguese: Cabeça-Preta-Serrana, Coralina 
SynonymElapomorphus reticulatus PETERS 1860: 518
Phalotris reticulatus — COPE 1862: 524
Elapomorphus reticulatus — STRAUCH 1884: 569
Phalotris reticulatus — FERRAREZZI 1993: 213
Phalotris reticulatus — GIRAUDO & SCROCCHI 2002: 30
Phalotris reticulatus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 537
Phalotris reticulatus — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionS Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo)

Type locality: “Brasilien”  
Reproduction 
TypesHolotype: ZMB 3811 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Phalotris reticulatus can be distinguished from other species of the group by unique combination of the following characters: head dorsally almost totally black, with lighter snout, and a notable white dot on 3rd–4th supralabials (this last character is unique within the P. bilineatus group), and ventrally almost white (vs. black in P. illustrator and P. spegazzinii); white nuchal collar present and reaching ventral scales (2–3 dorsal scales width), followed by a black ring (1–3 scale width) (vs. nuchal collar absent in P. bilineatus, P. illustrator and P. spegazzinii); venter almost totally black, each ventral scale black with thin whitish free posterior border (vs. venter white or with black blotches in all other species); vertebral black stripe can be from very noticeable to almost faded and runs over the vertebral and the inner half of paravertebral dorsal scales. The stripe is formed by irregular dots over each scale and could fade after fixation. On both sides of the vertebral stripe, there is a reddish stripe two dorsal scales wide. The sides of the body, from the reddish stripes to the venter, almost black, where each scale is black with a thin withe posterior border resulting in a reticulated lateral pattern in general view; black in P. spegazzinii and P. illustrator and a narrow lateral black stripe in others species); cloacal black ring present (vs. absent in P. multipunctatus); rostral well separated from the prefrontal (vs. rostral contacting the prefrontal or slightly separated in P. bilineatus). (Scrocchi et al. 2022).


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CommentDistribution: See map in Scorcchi et al. 2002: 51 (Fig. 3). 
EtymologyNamed after Latin reticulatus, made like a net, net-like, reticulated. (PETERS 1860, Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., April 2024) 
References
  • Bressan, Paulo Magalhães; Maria Cecília Martins Kierulff, Angélica Midori Sugieda (eds.) 2009. FAUNA AMEAÇADA DE EXTINÇÃO NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO: VERTEBRADOS. São Paulo: Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo: Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, 2009. - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1862. [On Elapomorphus, Sympholis, and Coniophanes.] Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 13: 524 [1861] - get paper here
  • Ferrarezzi H. 1993. Nota sobre o genero Phalotris com revisao do grupo nasutus e descricao de tres novas especies (Serpentes, Colubridae, Xenodontinae). Mem. Inst. Butantan 55 (SUPPL. 1): 21-38. - get paper here
  • França, R. C., França, F. G., Rödder, D., & Solé, M. 2022. Historical collection of snakes from Brazil by herpetologist and biogeographer Paul Müller (1940–2010), deposited at the Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Germany. Bonn zoological Bulletin 71 (1): 41–49 - get paper here
  • Giraudo, A. R., and G. J. Scrocchi 2002. Argentinian Snakes: An Annotated Checklist. Smithsonian Herp. Inf. Serv. (132): 1-53 - get paper here
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • MARQUES, O. A. V. et al. 2009. Repteis. In: Bressan et al., FAUNA AMEAÇADA DE EXTINÇÃO NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO: VERTEBRADOS. São Paulo: Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo: Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, pp. 285-327 - get paper here
  • Nogueira, Cristiano C.; Antonio J.S. Argôlo, Vanesa Arzamendia, Josué A. Azevedo, Fausto E. Barbo, Renato S. Bérnils, Bruna E. Bolochio, Marcio Borges-Martins, Marcela Brasil-Godinho, Henrique Braz, Marcus A. Buononato, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American J. Herp. 14 (Special Issue 1):1-274 - get paper here
  • Peters, Wilhem Carl Hartwig 1860. Drei neue Schlangen des k. zoologischen Museums aus America und Bemerkungen über die generelle Unterscheidung von anderen bereits bekannten Arten. Monatsber. königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin. 1860 (October): 517-521 - get paper here
  • Scrocchi, G. J., Giraudo, A. R., & Nenda, S. J. 2022. Taxonomic notes on the Phalotris bilineatus group (Serpentes: Dipsadidae: Elapomorphini), with the description of a new species from northwestern Argentina. Cuadernos de Herpetología 36 (1): 47-63 - get paper here
  • Strauch,A. 1884. Bemerkungen über die Schlangengattung Elapomorphus aus der Familie der Calamariden. 2nd. Ed. Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg 29: 541-590 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Zaher, Hussam; Fausto Erritto BarboI; Paola Sanchez Martínez; Cristiano Nogueira; Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues; Ricardo Jannini Sawaya 2011. Répteis do Estado de São Paulo: conhecimento atual e perspectivas. Biota Neotropica, 11 (1): 1–15. - get paper here
 
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