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Philodryas boliviana BOULENGER, 1896

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Bolivian Racer 
SynonymPhilodryas bolivianus BOULENGER 1896: 132
Liophis bolivianus WERNER 1909: 222
Philodryas bolivianus — CEI 1993
Philodryas boliviana — WALLACH et al. 2014: 549
Philodryas boliviana — MELO-SAMPAIO et al. 2020 
DistributionBolivia

Type locality: Charobamba, Bolivia  
Reproduction 
TypesLectotype: BMNH 1946.1.2.86 (formerly BMNH 95.11.21.39), adult female; holotype formerly in ZMH, now lost. 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (597 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentSynonymy: Philodryas bolivianus was considered a s synonym of Philodryas psammophideus by PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970, but not by CEI 1993.

Type locality: There are two Charobambas in Bolivia:  one in Departamento de La Paz (14º37’S 68º44’W), representing a very high elevation; and another in Departamento de Chuquisaca (18º39’S 65º01’W), on the Río Charobamba, at a much lower elevation. Based on other species accessioned in 1895 with the type, bearing the same locality data, and sold by the same collector (H. Rolle, from Berlin) (Colin McCarthy, pers. comm. to R.A. Thomas), R.A. Thomas restricted the type locality to the Chuquisaca location (supported by Michael B. Harvey, pers. comm. to R.A. Thomas).

Habitat: fully arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
EtymologyNamed after the type locality. 
References
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1896. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum, Vol. 3. London (Taylor & Francis), xiv + 727 pp. - get paper here
  • Cei, J. M. 1993. Reptiles del noroeste, nordeste y este de la Argentina. Museo Regionale Sci. Naturale Torino, Monografie 14: 1-949
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • Melo-Sampaio, P. R., Passos, P., Martins, A. R., Moura-leite, J. C., Morato, S. A., Venegas, P. J., Chávez G., Venâncio N.M. & De Souza, M. B. 2020. A phantom on the trees: integrative taxonomy supports a reappraisal of rear-fanged snakes classification (Dipsadidae: Philodryadini). Zoologischer Anzeiger 290: 19-39 [dated 2021 in print version, but 2020 published online] - get paper here
  • Rivas, Luis Rolando; Mendoza-Miranda, Patricia; Muñoz-Saravia, Arturo 2018. Lista preliminar de la herpetofauna del Parque Nacional Torotoro, Potosí, Bolivia . Pp. 6. Cuad. herpetol. 32 (1): 41-46 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Werner,F. 1909. Über neue oder seltene Reptilien des Naturhistorischen Museums in Hamburg. Jahrb. Hamb. wiss. Anst. suppl. 2 (Mitt. Naturhist. Mus. Hamb. 1908) 26: 205-247 - get paper here
 
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