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Philodryas agassizii (JAN, 1863)

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Burrowing Night Snake
Portuguese: Cobra-Marrom, Cobrinha-Marrom, Falsa-Parelheira, Papa-Aranha, Parelheira-dos-Formigueiros, Parelheira-Mirim 
SynonymEirenis Agassizii JAN 1863: 260
Liopeltis brevicauda JAN 1863
Philodryas paucisquamis PETERS 1863: 286
Eirenis Agassizii — JAN 1866
Eirenis Agassizii — MÜLLER 1880
Ablabes agassizii BOULENGER 1885: 87
Ablabes Agassizii — BOULENGER 1886: 430
Contia agassizii BOULENGER 1894 (2): 259
Pseudablabes agassizii — BOULENGER 1896 (3): 126
Pseudablabes agassizii — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 252
Pseudablabes agassizii — FREIBERG 1982
Pseudablabes agassizi — CEI 1993: 656
Pseudablabes agassizii — LEYNAUD & BUCHER 1999: 32
Pseudablabes agassizii — SCROCCHI et al. 2006: 133
Pseudablabes agassizii — SAWAYA et al. 2008
Pseudablabes agassizii — MARQUES et al. 2009
Philodryas agassizi — PEREZ et al. 2012
Philodryas agassizi — HAMDAN et al. 2012
Philodryas agassizii — WALLACH et al. 2014: 549
Philodryas agassizii — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019
Philodryas agassizii — ARREDONDO et al. 2020
Pseudablabes agassizii — MELO-SAMPAIO et al. 2020 
DistributionS/SW Brazil (Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul, Goiás, Bahia),
NE Argentina (Buenos Aires, La Pampa, Santa Fe, Entre Rios, Chaco, Misiones, Santiago del Estero, Corrientes, Córdoba, San Luis, Rio Negro, Mendoza), Uruguay, S Paraguay

Type locality: "Uruguay" [in error], corrected to Paraguay (fide original data tag and MCZ Catalogue, cited in Wallach et al. 2014).  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesSyntype: MCZ R-870, a 154 mm, juvenile male, and MCZ 177823, a 347 mm male both collected by Jefferies Wyman, November 8, 1861. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus): (apomorphies followed by ‘*’): head, body, and tail uniformly reticulated gray or brown, with anteriormost edge of ventrals being green coloured*; lack of deep body calyces on the proximal half of the asulcate surface of the hemipenial body*; lateral enlarged spines; distal rows of middle sized spines disposed in a typical “V-shape” configuration on the asulcate surface of the hemipenial body*; diameter of the middle of the hemipenes larger than both proximal and distal extremities; dorsal scale rows reducing anterior-posteriorly from 19 to 13 or uniformly in 13e13 in Pseudablabes agassizii; low number of ventral scales (130e184); seven supralabials; body with dorsolateral stripes and short tail (MELO-SAMPAIO et al. 2020). 
CommentSynonymy after CEI 1993.

Habitat: partly arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018).

Type species: Eirenis Agassizii JAN 1863: 260 is the type species of the genus Pseudablabes BOULENGER 1896. Note that Callirhinus has priority over Pseudablabes following the provisions given in the article 23 (ICZN 1999), but is preoccupied by Callirhinus Blanchard, 1850 (Coleoptera, given as 1851 by Williams & Wallach 1989), hence Melo-Sampaio et al. 2020 proposed the resurrection of the genus Pseudablabes for the clade containing Pseudablabes agassizii.

Phylogenetics: MELO-SAMPAIO et al. 2020 tentatively included arnaldoi within Pseudablabes (based on morphology) although they did not have any molecular data. Note that Arredondo et al. 2020 could not replicate the monophyly of Pseudablabes as defined by Melo-Sampaio et al., hence we reverted them to Philodryas. 
EtymologyNamed after Louis Agassiz (1807-1873), Swiss zoologist. See Bastos & Sa 2011 for further biographical details. 
References
  • Arredondo, J. C., Grazziotin, F. G., Manfrini, G. J. S., Rodrigues, M. T. U., Bonatto, S. L., & Zaher, H. E. D. 2020. Molecular phylogeny of the tribe Philodryadini Cope, 1886 (Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae): Rediscovering the diversity of the South American Racers. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 60, e20206053-e20206053 - get paper here
  • Bastos, Francisco Inácio & Magali Romero Sa 2011. The scientist as historian: Paulo Vanzolini and the origins of zoology in Brazil. História, Ciências, Saúde – Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 18 (4): 1021-1038 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G. A. 1885. Second list of reptiles and batrachians from the province Rio Grande do Sul, sent to the Natural History Museum by Dr. H. van Ihering. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 16: 85-88 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1886. A synopsis of the reptiles and batrachians of the province Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 18: 423-445 - get paper here
  • BRIZIO, MARÍA VICTORIA; MARIANA MORANDO & LUCIANO JAVIER AVILA. 2022. Geographic distribution: PHILODRYAS AGASSIZII. ARGENTINA: LA PAMPA: Departamento Chical Co. Herpetological Review 53 (3): 447.
  • Cacciali, Pier; Norman J. Scott, Aida Luz Aquino Ortíz, Lee A. Fitzgerald, and Paul Smith 2016. The Reptiles of Paraguay: Literature, Distribution, and an Annotated Taxonomic Checklist. SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF THE MUSEUM OF SOUTHWESTERN BIOLOGY, NUMBER 11: 1–373 - get paper here
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  • Di Pietro, Diego Omar; Christie, Miguel; Williams, Jorge 2013. Nuevos registros de Philodryas agassizii (Serpentes: Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae) en la Argentina. Cuadernos de Herpetología 27 (1): 59-62 - get paper here
  • Etchepare, E.G & Rosario Ingaramo, María del 2008. Pseudablabes agassizii (JAN 1863) (Serpentes: Colubridae). Primer registro para la Provincia de Corrientes (República Argentina).. Cuadernos de Herpetología 22 (1): 51 - get paper here
  • Franca, F.G.R.; Daniel O. Mesquita, Cristiano C. Nogueira, and Alexandre F. B. Araújo 2008. Phylogeny and Ecology Determine Morphological Structure in a Snake Assemblage in the Central Brazilian Cerrado. Copeia 2008 (1): 23-38 - get paper here
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  • Hamdan, B. & R. M. Lira-da-Silva 2012. The snakes of Bahia State, northeastern Brazil: species richness, composition and biogeographical notes. Salamandra 48 (1): 31-50 - get paper here
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • Jan, G. 1863. Enumerazione sistematica degli ofidi appartenenti al gruppo Coronellidae. Arch. Zool. Anat. Fisiol. 2 (2): 213-330 [1862] - get paper here
  • Jan, G. 1866. Iconographie générale des ophidiens. 15. Livraison. J.B. Bailière et Fils, Paris - get paper here
  • Kiefer, M. C. 1998. Geographic distribution: Pseudablabes agassizii. Herpetological Review 29 (1): 54 - get paper here
  • Leynaud, Gerardo C. and Enrique H. Bucher 1999. La fauna de serpientes del Chaco Sudamericano: diversidad, distribución geografica y estado de conservación. Academia Nacional de Ciencias Miscelanea (98):1-46
  • MARQUES, O. A. V. et al. 2009. Repteis. In: Bressan et al., FAUNA AMEAÇADA DE EXTINÇÃO NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO: VERTEBRADOS. São Paulo: Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo: Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, pp. 285-327 - get paper here
  • Marques, Otavio A. V.; Sawaya, Ricardo J.; Stender-Oliveira, Fernanda; Franca, Frederico G. R. 2006. Ecology of the colubrid snake Pseudablabes agassizii in south-eastern South America. The Herpetological Journal 16: 37-45 - get paper here
  • Melo-Sampaio, P. R., Passos, P., Martins, A. R., Moura-leite, J. C., Morato, S. A., Venegas, P. J., Chávez G., Venâncio N.M. & De Souza, M. B. 2020. A phantom on the trees: integrative taxonomy supports a reappraisal of rear-fanged snakes classification (Dipsadidae: Philodryadini). Zoologischer Anzeiger 290: 19-39 [dated 2021 in print version, but 2020 published online] - get paper here
  • Müller, F. 1880. Erster Nachtrag zum Katalog der herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums. Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 7: 120-165 - get paper here
  • Nogueira, Cristiano C.; Antonio J.S. Argôlo, Vanesa Arzamendia, Josué A. Azevedo, Fausto E. Barbo, Renato S. Bérnils, Bruna E. Bolochio, Marcio Borges-Martins, Marcela Brasil-Godinho, Henrique Braz, Marcus A. Buononato, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American J. Herp. 14 (Special Issue 1):1-274 - get paper here
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  • Vera, D. G., Berkunsky, I., Tettamanti, G., Eirin, M., Kacoliris, F. P., & Di Pietro, D. O. 2020. Filling gaps in the southern range of the endangered snake Philodryas agassizii: new localities in Tandilia highland grassland, Argentina. Neotropical Biology and Conservation, 15, 351 - get paper here
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  • Vinas, M., Daneri,G. & Gnida,G. 1989. Presencia de Pseudablabes agassizii en la sierra de la Ventana (Bs. As.) y confirmación para la pcia. de La Pampa. Bol. Asoc. Herp. Argentina 5 (1-2): 13-14 - get paper here
  • Viñas, M.;Daneri, G.;Gnida, G. 1989. Presencia de Pseudablabes agassizii (Jan, 1863) en Sierra de la Ventana (provincia de Buenos Aires), y confirmación para la provincia de la Pampa. Bol. Asoc. Herp. Argentina 5 (1-2): 13-14 - get paper here
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