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Philothamnus ruandae LOVERIDGE, 1951

IUCN Red List - Philothamnus ruandae - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Ruanda Emerald Green Snake, Rwanda Forest Green Snake 
SynonymPhilothamnus heterodermus ruandae LOVERIDGE 1951: 2
Philothamnus heterodermus ruandae — LOVERIDGE 1958: 68
Philothamnus heterodermus ruandae — PITMAN 1974
Philothamnus ruandae — HUGHES 1985: 515
Philothamnus ruandae — BROADLEY 1998
Philothamnus ruandae — SPAWLS et al. 2001
Philothamnus ruandae — ROELKE & SMITH 2010
Philothamnus ruandae — WALLACH et al. 2014: 558
Philothamnus ruandae — SPAWLS et al. 2018: 495 
DistributionRwanda, Congo (Brazzaville), Lake Kivu, Uganda

Type locality: Mulungu, Lake Kivu, Belgian Congo.  
Reproductionoviparous (not imputed, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: IRSNB 2053 (formerly IRSNB I.G. 15860), a 922 mm female (F.L. Hendrickx, 1947) 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 465 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentThe validity of this species is unclear (RÖDEL & MAHSBERG 2000).

Habitat: fully arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
EtymologyNamed after the type locality. 
References
  • Behangana, M., Byaruhanga, A., Magala, R. et al. 2023. An Analysis of the Herpetofauna Communities in the Last Moderately Altered, High-Altitude Wetlands of Uganda. Wetlands 43, 88 - get paper here
  • Broadley, D.G. 1998. The reptilian fauna of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo-Kinshasa). In: Schmidt, K.P. and Noble, G.K., Contributions to the Herpetology of the Belgian Congo... [reprint of the 1919 and 1923 papers]. SSAR Facsimile reprints in Herpetology, 780 pp.
  • Chippaux, Jean-Philippe & Kate Jackson 2019. Snakes of Central and Western Africa. Johns Hopkins University Press, 448 pp. [detaileld review in HR 51 (1): 161] - get paper here
  • Engelbrecht, H.M., Branch, W.R., Greenbaum, E., Alexander, G.J., Jackson, K., Burger, M., Conradie, W., Kusamba, C., Zassi-Boulou, A-G., Tolley, K.A. 2018. Diversifying into the branches: species boundaries in African green and bush snakes, Philothamnus (Serpentes: Colubridae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 130: 357-365 - get paper here
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • Hughes, B. 1985. Progress on a taxonomic revision of African green tree snakes (Philothamnus spp.). In: Schuchmann, K.L. (ed.) Proceedings of the International Symposium on African Vertebrates. ZFMK, Bonn, pp. 511-530
  • Loveridge, A. 1951. Synopsis of the African Green Snakes (Philothamnus inc. Chlorophis) with the description of a new form. Bull. Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. Belgique 27: 1-12
  • Loveridge,A. 1958. Revision of five african snake genera. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 119: 1-198 (141) - get paper here
  • Pitman,C.R.S. 1974. A guide to the snakes of Uganda. Codicote, Wheldon & Wesley, L., 290 pp.
  • Roelke, Corey E. & Smith, E.N. 2010. Herpetofauna, Parc National des Volcans, North Province, Republic of Rwanda. Check List 6 (4): 525-531 - get paper here
  • Spawls, S.; Howell, K.; Drewes, R.C. & Ashe, J. 2002. A field guide to the reptiles of East Africa. Academic Press, 543 pp. [reviews in HR 34: 396 and Afr. J. Herp. 51; 147] - get paper here
  • Spawls, Steve; Kim Howell, Harald Hinkel, Michele Menegon 2018. Field Guide to East African Reptiles. Bloomsbury, 624 pp. - get paper here
  • Trape, J.-F. 2023. Guide des serpents d’Afrique occidentale, centrale et d’Afrique du Nord. IRD Éditions, Marseille, 896 pp.
  • TRAPE, Jean-François; Barry HUGHES, Marcel COLLET & Oleg MEDIANNIKOV 2021. Phylogénie moléculaire des serpents du groupe Philothamnus heterodermus (Hallowell, 1857) (Squamata : Colubridae : Colubrinae) avec la description de deux espèces nouvelles. Bull. Soc. Herp. Fr. 179: 27-42 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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