Pholidobolus vertebralis (O’SHAUGHNESSY, 1879)

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Higher Taxa	Gymnophthalmidae (Cercosaurinae), Sauria, Gymnophthalmoidea, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Brown Prionodactylus S: Lagartija minadora subtropical
Synonym	Cercosaura (Pantodactylus) vertebralis O’SHAUGHNESSY 1879: 298 Prionodactylus vertebralis — BOULENGER 1885: 394 Prionodactylus palmeri BOULENGER 1908: 518 Prionodactylus vertebralis — WERNER 1916: 307 Prionodactylus marianus RUTHVEN 1921 Euspondylus ampuedae LANCINI 1968 Prionodactylus vertebralis — PETERS et al. 1970: 236 Prionodactylus vertebralis — VILLA et al. 1988 Prionodactylus ampuedai — LA MARCA & GARCIA-PEREZ 1990 Prionodactylus vertebralis — KÖHLER 2000: 104 Prionodactylus ampuedai — MIJARES-URRUTIA 2001 Cercosaura vertebralis — DOAN 2003 Cercosaura ampuedai — RIVAS et al. 2012 Cercosaura ampuedae — PYRON & BURBRINK 2013 Pholidobolus vertebralis — TORRES-CARVAJAL et al. 2015
Distribution	Panama, Ecuador, Colombia, NW Peru (Piura, Cajamarca, elevation 1200-2500 m) Type locality: Intac, Ecuador. ampuedai: Venezuela (Tachira), Colombia; Type locality: Venezuela, Tachira, Villa Paez, 2000 m elevation (both holotype and neotype) Elevation: 700–2500 m (DOAN & LAMAR 2012).
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Holotype: BMNH 1946.8.31.35 Holotype: MCNC 5223 (lost fide MIJARES-URRUTIA 2001) [ampuedai] Neotype: MCNC 7544 [ampuedai] Holotype: UMMZ [marianus]
Diagnosis
Comment	Synonymy mainly that of PETERS et al. 1970. C. ampuedai has been synonymized with P. vertebralis by UZZELL (1973) and DOAN (2003). Some populations of P. vertebralis have been assigned to P. paramuno.
Etymology	Prionodactylus ampuedai has been named after the collector, Ramón Ampueda.
References	Arteaga AF, Bustamante-Enríquez LM and Guayasamin JM 2013. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Mindo. http://www.tropicalherping.com - get paper here Averill-Murray, R.C. & Averill-Murray, A. 2017. Notes on activity and habitat use of Pholidobolus vertebralis (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) at a cloud forest reserve in Ecuador. Herpetological Review 48 (4): 728-730 - get paper here Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here Boulenger, George A. 1908. Descriptions of new batrachians and reptiles discovered by Mr. M. G. Palmer in South-western Colombia. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 2 (12): 515-522 - get paper here Carrera, C. et al. 2009. Guía de Campo de los Pequeños Vertebrados del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito (DMQ). Publicación Miscelánea N° 5. Serie de Publicaciones del Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales (MECN) – Fondo Ambiental del MDMQ. 1-89 pp. Imprenta Nuevo Arte. Quito-Ecuador. Castro-Herrera, F. & Vargas-Salinas, F. 2008. Anfibios y reptiles en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Biota Colombiana 9 (2): 251 - 277 - get paper here Castro-Herrera, F.; Bolívar-García, W. & Herrera-Montes, M.I. 2007. Guía de los Anfibios y Reptiles des Bosque de Yotoco, Valle deel Cauca, Colombia. Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia, 70 pp. - get paper here Doan, T.M. 2003. A new phylogenetic classification for the gymnophthalmid genera Cercosaura, Pantodactylus and Prionodactylus (Reptilia: Squamata). Zool. J. Linnean Soc. 137 (1): 101-115 - get paper here Doan, Tiffany M.; Juan C. Cusi 2014. Geographic distribution of Cercosaura vertebralis O’Shaughnessy, 1879 (Reptilia: Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) and the status of Cercosaura ampuedai (Lancini, 1968). Check List 10 (5): 1195-1200 - get paper here Fang, José M.; Juan D. Vásquez-Restrepo & Juan M. Daza 2020. Filling the gaps in a highly diverse Neotropical lizard lineage: a new and endemic genus of Cercosaurinae (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) with the description of two new species from the Northern Andes of Colombia. Systematics and Biodiversity, DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2020.1783714 - get paper here Hernández Ruz, E.J. 2005. Notas taxonómicas y biológicas de Cercosaura ampuedai (Lancini, 1968) (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) en la vertiente oriental de la Cordillera Oriental de Colombia. Publicações Avulsas do Instituto Pau Brasil de Historia Natural (São Paulo) 8-9: 1-14 Hurtado-Gómez, Juan P.; Juan C. Arredondo, Pedro M. Sales-Nunes and Juan M. Daza 2018. A New Species of Pholidobolus (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from the Paramo Ecosystem in the Northern Andes of Colombia. South American Journal of Herpetology 13 (3): 271–286 - get paper here Kluge, Arnold G. 1984. Type-specimens of reptiles in the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. [type catalogue] Miscellaneous publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan (167): 1-85 - get paper here Köhler, G. 2000. Reptilien und Amphibien Mittelamerikas, Bd 1: Krokodile, Schildkröten, Echsen. Herpeton Verlag, Offenbach, 158 pp. La Marca E; Garcia Perez J E 1990. Prionodactylus ampuedai (Sauria: teiidae): a new lizard record for Colombia, with taxonomic comments on the species. Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 26: 111-115 - get paper here Lancini V, A.R. 1968. El genero Euspondylus (Sauria: Teiidae) en Venezuela. Publ. Ocas. Mus. Cienc. Nat. Caracas 12: 1-8 Mijares-Urrutia, A. 2001. TaxonomÌa de algunos microtéidos de Venezuela (Squamata), II: Situación nomenclatural de Prionodactylus ampuedai y Prionodactylus phelpsorum. Revista de BiologÌa Tropical, 48 (2/3): 681-688 (2000) - get paper here O’Shaughnessy,A.W.E. 1879. Description of new species of lizards in the collection of the British Museum. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 4: 295-303 - get paper here Páez, V.P. et al. 2002. Guía de campo de algunas especies de anfibios y reptiles de Antioquia. Universidad de Antioquia, - get paper here Palacio-Baena, Jaime Alberto; Eliana María Muñoz Escobar; Sandra Milena Gallo Delgado; Mauricio Rivera Correa 2006. ANFIBIOS Y REPTILES DEL VALLE DE ABURRÁ Editorial Zuluaga, 92 pp. - get paper here Peters, James A. & Donoso-Barros, Roberto 1970. Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata: Part II. Lizards and Amphisbaenians. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 297: 293 pp. - get paper here Pyron, R. Alexander; Frank T. Burbrink 2013. Early origin of viviparity and multiple reversions to oviparity in squamate reptiles. Ecology Letters 17 (1): 13–21 (published online 2013, in print 2014), DOI: 10.1111/ele.12168 - get paper here Ramos-Pallares, Eliana, Fabio L. Meza-Joya and Martha P. Ramírez-Pinilla. 2013. A case of communal egg laying in a population of Cercosaura ampuedai (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) in the Colombian Andes. Herpetological Review 44 (2): 226-229 - get paper here RIVAS, GILSON A.; CÉSAR R. MOLINA, GABRIEL N. UGUETO, TITO R. BARROS, CÉSAR L. BAR- RIO-AMORÓS & PHILIPPE J. R. KOK 2012. Reptiles of Venezuela: an updated and commented checklist. Zootaxa 3211: 1–64 - get paper here Rojas-Morales, Julián Andrés, Héctor Fabio Arias-Monsalve y Gustavo A. González-Durán 2014. Anibios y reptiles de la región centro-sur del departamento de Caldas, Colombia. Biota Colombiana 15 (1): 73-93 - get paper here Ruthven, Alexander G. 1921. Description of an apparently new lizard from Colombia. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan (103): 1-4 - get paper here Torres-Carvajal O, Pazmiño-Otamendi G, Salazar-Valenzuela D. 2019. Reptiles of Ecuador: a resource-rich portal, with a dynamic checklist and photographic guides. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13 (1): [General Section]: 209–229 (e178) - get paper here Torres-Carvajal, Omar; Simón E. Lobos, Pablo J. Venegas 2015. Phylogeny of Neotropical Cercosaura (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) lizards. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 93: 281–288 - get paper here Venegas PJ, Echevarría LY, Lobos SE, Sales-Nunes PM, and Torres-Carvajal O. 2016. A new species of Andean microteiid lizard (Gymnophthalmidae: Cercosaurinae: Pholidobolus) from Peru, with comments on P. vertebralis. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 10 (1) [Special Section]: 21–33 (e121) - get paper here Villa, J., Wilson, L.D., Johnson, J.D. 1988. Middle American Herpetology - A Bibliographic Checklist. University of Missouri Press, 132 pp [review in Copeia 1989 (3): 802] Werner,F. 1916. Bemerkungen über einige niedere Wirbeltiere der Anden von Kolumbien mit Beschreibungen neuer Arten. Zool. Anz. 47: 301-311 - get paper here
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information https://bioweb.bio/faunaweb/reptiliaweb/FichaEspecie/Pholidobolus… http://home.earthlink.net/~itec5/Serpentes/Colubridae/Tretanorhinus… http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0473-9868%2819650531%295%3A1%3C1%3ATNCSFT… https://www.facebook.com/groups/stshc/posts/280879834136622 Google images

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